Water Services Trust Fund Engineering Better Counties and Cities for Better Living

1. Water Services Trust Fund Engineering Better Counties and Cities for Better Living Presentation for the Engineers International Conference 2011 (Laico Regency Hotel, Nairobi; 11th – 13th May 2011) Eng. Jacqueline K. Musyoki (Mrs.) OGW CEO of the Water Services Trust Fund (WSTF)

2. Introducing the WSTF • The WSTF is a corporate body established (2004) under the Water Act 2002 as a basket fund to provide financial support for improved water & sanitation services in underserved parts of Kenya • Since 2004 the Fund has focused its activities on the underserved rural communities • To address the needs of the urban populations the WSTF decided to widen its mandate • In July 2007 the Fund established an Urban Window to finance projects incorporating cost effective and sustainable technologies in low income urban areas • The WSTF has 3 windows: Community Project Cycle (CPC/UNICEF), the Urban project concept (UPC) and the WDC (WRUA Dev. Cycle)

3. Introducing the WSTF Our Mandate: To assist in financing the provision of water services to areas of Kenya without adequate services Our Vision: To be a dynamic and innovative leader, nationally and in Africa, in the financing of the water sector Our Mission: To provide financial support for improved access to water and sanitation in areas without adequate services

4. The Urban Projects Concept (UPC) of the WSTF • The WSTF has developed the Urban Projects Concept (UPC) • Our objective: • Enabling licensed water service providers to extend services to the urban poor • Our approach and local sector partners: • Urban funds can only be accessed by licensed Water Service Providers (WSPs) • Project proposals are prepared by the WSPs assisted by the Water Services Boards (WSBs) • Proposals are appraised by WSTF & the best are awarded (using criteria such as; value for money, current situation, etc.) • WSPs are responsible for the management of project funds and for successful project implementation & operation

5. Our partners • The UPC is supported by the Government of Kenya, the European Union (EU) and the German Development Bank (KfW) • Available funds : € 15.5 million (approx KSh 1.5 Billion) • Technical support is provided by the German International Cooperation (GIZ) and by KfW

6. The UPC: Support provided to the WSBs and WSPs • Our support package for WSBs and WSPs: • UPC Brochure & UPC 8-Step Chart • Toolkit for Urban Water Supply Projects (on DVD-ROM) • Water Source - the water and sanitation literature DVD • AquaPix - the urban pictures DVD • The In-situ Water Kiosk Construction Manual • Toolkit for Urban Sanitation Projects (being developed) • A number of urban community sensitisation posters (laminated, size A3)

7. Urban Kenya: Our challenges Our target areas: All urban low income areas

8. Main target areas: 1. Informal urban settlements • Informal settlements are often referred to as “urban slums” • Residents often depend on a small number of house/yard connections, springs and wells. In other areas residents use water kiosks or rely on the services of water resellers • Households residing on the same plot share pit latrines and in slums (such as Kibera in Nairobi) residents resort to flying toilets

9. Main target areas: 2. Planned urban areas with planned low income housing Planned low income housing areas or estates with high population densities, dilapidated water supply and sanitation systems (e.g. Council and Government housing areas)

10. Current water supply situation in the LIAs • Many residents of LIAs depend on: • The services of informal service providers • Neighbourhood water sales • Illegal connections • Unsafe sources of water

11. Current sanitation situation in the LIAs • Many residents of LIAs depend on: • Unimproved (pit) latrines • Informal service providers • Poorly designed/constructed public & communal facilities • Open defecation and flying toilets • Hanging toilets

12. Our impact (July 2009 – April 2011) & target (December 2013) Impact (April 2011): • Water supply: +- 360,000 people with improved access • Sanitation: +- 62,000 people with improved access Targets (December 2013): • Water supply: To reach 1.4 million people • Sanitation: To reach 400,000 people

13. Water Supply Engineering for the urban poor: our approach • Establish what your stakeholders (WSPs and residents) need and want • Designing tailor-made solutions together with residents; Customer-Aided Design (CuAD) • Women do not want to lift heavy containers whilst standing in a drain

14. Water Supply Engineering for the urban poor: our innovations • The WSTF has developed (in-house) the following technical options for the low income areas: • Water Supply: • Insitu closed water kiosk (2 sizes) • Insitu open water kiosk • Prefabricated closed water kiosk • Insitu yard tap • Prefabricated yard tap • What’s in the pipeline & what are we piloting? • Bamboo kiosk • Prepaid public stand post and prepaid yard tap

15. Water Supply Engineering for the urban poor: our plans • Water supply: what’s in the pipeline & what are we piloting? • An environmentally-friendly prefabricated “bamboo kiosk” (steel frame with bamboo panels) • Prepaid public stand post and prepaid yard tap • Prefabricated water kiosk with bamboo panels (artist impression)

16. Sanitation Engineering for the urban poor: our innovations • The WSTF has developed (in-house) the following technical options for the low income areas: • Sanitation: • A user-friendly public sanitation facility linked to the sewer

17. Sanitation Engineering for the urban poor: our plans • Sanitation: what’s in the pipeline & what are we piloting? • Public sanitation facility (PSF) linked to a septic tank • Public sanitation facility (PSF) linked to a bio-digester • A set of affordable plot level sanitation facility adapted to local technical and environmental conditions (e.g. ground water level, soil conditions) as well as to cultural & religious requirements • Note: All WSPs must show that they can manage sludge in a sustainable and environmentally-friendly manner

18. Thank you!