1 / 41

VIROLOGY

PRESENTED BY:- RIDA KHURSHID MINA TAYYAB. VIROLOGY. HISTORY. 4. F irstly recognized in 1976 " Ebola" came from a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire ) 18 confirmed outbreaks of the disease since 1976 Ebola was first emerged in Sudan and Zaire.

edna
Download Presentation

VIROLOGY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. PRESENTED BY:- RIDA KHURSHID MINA TAYYAB VIROLOGY

  2. HISTORY 4

  3. Firstly recognized in 1976 • "Ebola" came from a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) • 18confirmed outbreaks of the disease since 1976 • Ebola was first emerged in Sudan and Zaire

  4. Infected over 284 people, with a mortality rate of 53% • Second Ebola virus emerged from Yambuku, Zaire, Ebola-Zaire (EBOZ) • EBOZ, with the highest mortality rate of any of the Ebola viruses (88%) • Infected 318people

  5. Ebola Reston (EBOR), was first identified in 1989 when infected monkeys were imported into Reston, Virginia, from Mindanao in the Philippines • Infected people with EBOR never developed EHF • Ebola Cote d'Ivoire (EBO-CI) was discovered in 1994

  6. CLASSIFICATION 8

  7. Classification of Zaire ebolavirus • Group: Group V(-ss RNA) • Order: Mononegavirales • Family: Filoviridae • Genus: Ebolavirus • Species: Zaire ebolavirus

  8. 2010 ICTV report 6Orders 87Families 19Subfamilies 348Genera 2285Species of viruses

  9. STRUCTURE 11 11

  10. GENOME 13 13 13

  11. TYPES 15

  12. Mainly there are four types of ebolavirus: • Ebola-Zaire • First known outbreak of Ebola HF in humans was caused by Ebola-Zaire • This strain surfaced again in southeren Zaire but only one person died • Ebola-Sudan • Discovered in south western Sudan in 1976 and 1979

  13. Ebola-Reston •     Strain of Ebola Virus found in monkeys imported in to the US in 1989. Has not caused infection in humans. • Ebola-Ivory Coast •     Most recently discovered strain of Ebola virus. Found in Tai forests of Ivory Coast in West Africa.

  14. Filoviruses are classified as biosafety level 4 agents • They are extremely pathogenic • The lack vaccine or effective antiviral drug

  15. EHF • Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (Ebola HF) carries a 53%- 88% mortality rate • The incubation period is 2-21 days • A severe and often deadly illness that can occur in humans and in primates (monkeys, gorillas)

  16. REPLICATION 20

  17. TRANSMISSION

  18. Direct Contact With an Infected Person • burial ceremony • Exposure to Infected Body Fluids • contaminated blood, organs, semen or other bodily secretions

  19. IS IT AIRBORNE….??? • Report in ProMED • Reston strain appears airborne but is not known to be harmful to humans • It is hypothesized that the Ebola virus became "airborne" by being caught inside small droplets of water that the control monkeys eventually breathed

  20. IMMUNE RESPONSE 26

  21. SYMPTOMS

  22. Sore throat Fever Dry, hacking cough Weakness Severe headache Joint and muscle aches Diarrhea Dehydration Stomach pain Vomiting A rash Hiccups Red eyes Internal and external bleeding

  23. Symptoms begin 4 to 6 days after infection Death usually occurs during the second week of symptoms Ebola victims typically die from massive blood loss

  24. DIAGNOSIS

  25. For diagnosing Ebola doctor will ask questions which are:- Symptoms Current medical conditions Family history of medical conditions Current medications Other medical conditions which can cause similar symptoms to Ebola are: Influenza Malaria Typhoid fever Other viral hemorrhagic fevers

  26. IgG ELISA IgM ELISA distinguishes acute infections from old infections  IFA is highly misleading Electron microscopy • Laboratory findings include: • Maculopapular rash • Lymphopenia and neutrophilia • Thrombocytopenia and abnormal platelet aggregation • Serum enzyme levels are elevated;  AST is usually higher than ALT •   Alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels are usually normal or only mildly elevated

  27. TREATMENT

  28. There is no specific treatment Supportive therapy involves providing relief of Ebola symptoms while body fights infection

  29. Use of Intravenous fluids • Oxygen and devices that help with breathing • Medications to control fever, help the blood clot, and maintain blood pressure • Use of Antibiotics • Good nursing care

  30. PREVENTION

  31. There is no Ebola vaccine that is currently licensed, its prevention focuses on:- • Preventing direct contact with infected body fluids • Avoiding direct contact with the body of an Ebola victim

  32. Ebola isolation precautions or barrier nursing techniques includes:- The use of infection-control measures, including complete sterilization of equipment The isolation of patients with Ebola from contact with unprotected people The wearing of protective clothing, such as masks, gloves, gowns, and goggles

More Related