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KEY CONCEPT Science is a way of thinking, questioning, and gathering evidence. Objectives from section 1-3 (pg 15). Elaborate on how biology is a process of inquiry Explain why biologists use experiments to test hypotheses Define and give examples of a theory
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KEY CONCEPTScience is a way of thinking, questioning, and gathering evidence.
Objectives from section 1-3 (pg 15) • Elaborate on how biology is a process of inquiry • Explain why biologists use experiments to test hypotheses • Define and give examples of a theory • Specify the importance of communication among scientists
Like all science, biology is a process of inquiry. • Scientists make careful and systematic observations • Use known facts • Use your senses • Scientists record observations as data • Can be qualitative (descriptive) or quantitative (amounts)
Like all science, biology is a process of inquiry. • Scientists form a hypothesis as a possible answer to a question. • Testable (and repeatable) explanation of a situation • “If…then…because…”
Like all science, biology is a process of inquiry. • Scientists test their hypotheses and analyze their data.
Biologists use experiments to test hypotheses. • Observational studies allow scientists to describe a phenomenon. • Inferences combine what you know with what you have learned • Your turn!
Experiments allow scientists to determine what causes a phenomenon. -Control group: used for comparison -Experimental group: exposed to factor being tested -Constants are conditions that are kept the same.
Experimental studies allow scientists to determine what causes a phenomenon. • Independent variables are manipulated. (If….) • Dependent variables are observed and measured. (then…)
A theory explains a wide range of observations and experimental results. • Supported by a wide range of scientific evidence. • Can change based on new evidence. New evidence shows that ulcers are caused by bacteria.
Does exist? -Yes? No? -ALWAYS a chance that some unknown factor contributed to result/conclusion of experiment -Making sure experiment is reliable and valid is as close as we can get to providing “proof”
Reliability -Experiment must be repeatable -Others must be able to repeat experiment with the same results -Replicating results is cornerstone of scientific research -Experiments that are difficult to repeat or replicate are less reliable. -Methods/steps should be explicit and detailed to make it more reliable.
Validity -Are your findings credible? Does your experiment test what you say it does? -Established if experiment meets all requirements of scientific method and experimental design. -Did you include a control group? -Did you randomize your sample? -Did you keep other factors constant?
Quick Quiz Time • Each question will be worth 2 points • You may NOT talk and/or communicate with a classmate • Scores will be collected and recorded at the end of the chapter
10. Which word best describes a scientific hypothesis? • Provable • Theoretical • Testable • quantifiable
11. At which stage of scientific inquiry would scientists find out if their hypotheses were supported by their data? • Observing • Testing hypotheses • Analyzing data • Evaluating results
12. In an experiment, the condition that is manipulated by a scientist is the • Independent variable • Dependent variable • Constant • Control condition
13. Which of the following is an important characteristic of a scientific theory? • Proven by more than one scientist • Unchanged by new evidence • Accepted by the public • Supported by much evidence
14. Reliability refers to an experiment being repeatable and allowing different results. • True • False
10. Which word best describes a scientific hypothesis? • Provable • Theoretical • Testable • quantifiable
11. At which stage of scientific inquiry would scientists find out if their hypotheses were supported by their data? • Observing • Testing hypotheses • Analyzing data • Evaluating results
12. In an experiment, the condition that is manipulated by a scientist is the • Independent variable • Dependent variable • Constant • Control condition
13. Which of the following is an important characteristic of a scientific theory? • Proven by more than one scientist • Unchanged by new evidence • Accepted by the public • Supported by much evidence
14. Reliability refers to an experiment being repeatable and allowing different results. • True • False Must have SIMILAR results with each trial