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Key Milestones in Computing, Biology, and Engineering Innovations

Explore groundbreaking concepts and milestones in computing, biology, and engineering that have shaped modern technology. Discover Charles Babbage's pioneering work on programmable computers, the significance of the first cloned mammal, Dolly the Sheep, and innovations like the artificial heart and Mag-lev trains. Learn about crucial developments in programming languages, the principles of bioinformatics, and cutting-edge propulsion systems. Delve into the achievements of visionaries like Thomas Edison and R. Buckminster Fuller, who significantly influenced their fields.

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Key Milestones in Computing, Biology, and Engineering Innovations

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  1. Topic 1: 10 This man originated the concept of a programmable computer. Charles Babbage

  2. Topic 1: 20 A terabyte is how many bytes? 1TB = 1012 bytes

  3. Topic 1: 30 In a traditional first program many people learn, this two word phrase is output on a display device. A “Hello World” program

  4. Topic 1: 40 The name for this programming language literally means an increment on its predecessor, which reflects it’s evolutionary nature. C++

  5. Topic 1: 50 This law, coined around 1970 by one of Intel’s founders, claims that the number of transistors on integrated circuits double every two years. Moore’s Law

  6. Topic 2: 10 When this sheep was born in 1996, she became the first successfully cloned mammal. Dolly the Sheep

  7. Topic 2: 20 This interdisciplinary field addresses biological problems using computational techniques, and makes the rapid organization as well as analysis of biological data possible. Bioinfomatics

  8. Topic 2: 30 What method uses an electric field passed through a gel to separate DNA, RNA and proteins based on their size and charge? Gel electrophoresis

  9. Topic 2: 40 This field uses the knowledge gained from reverse engineering evolved living systems to solve difficult design problems in artificial systems. Biomemetics

  10. Topic 2: 50 Robert Jarvik invented this biomedical device that was first successfully used in 1982. Since then, variations have been used as a bridge for organ transplantation. Artificial Heart

  11. Topic 3: 10 This Czech author and playwright coined the term “robot” in his play “RUR”. Karel Čapek

  12. Topic 3: 20 What is the name of the first dexterous humanoid robot in space? Robonaut 2

  13. Topic 3: 30 This is a measure of a robot’s independence. Autonomy

  14. Topic 3: 40 This type of actuator moves in and out and is used in industrial robotics when very large forces are needed. Linear Actuator

  15. Topic 3: 50 This is the science of machines that see. Computer Vision

  16. Topic 4: 10 This propulsion system has no moving parts and operated at hypersonic velocities. Scramjet

  17. Topic 4: 20 Who constructed the first practical four-stroke internal combustion engine? Nicolas Augustus Otto

  18. Topic 4: 30 The fastest trains in the world use this type of propulsion. Mag-lev (or Magnetic Levitation)

  19. Topic 4: 40 In 1957, this German engineer invented a rotary engine that has been used in a variety of vehicles such as automobiles, motorcycles, aircraft and jet skis. Felix Wankel

  20. Topic 4: 50 In this type of rocket, the oxidier is kept separate from the fuel. Hybrid

  21. Topic 5: 10 What two organizations joined to form AIAA in 1963? American Rocket Society (ARS) and the Institute of the Aeronautics Sciences (IAS)

  22. Topic 5: 20 Name this number sequence: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, … Fibonacci sequence

  23. Topic 5: 30 The concept of a simple machine originated with this Greek philosopher. Archimedes

  24. Topic 5: 40 He was dubbed the “Wizard of Menlo Park” and held over 1,000 patents. Thomas Edison

  25. Topic 5: 50 This man is best known for his geodesic dome design for which he received a patent for in 1954. R. Buckminster Fuller

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