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TOPIC: CELLS

TOPIC: CELLS. AIM: How do we describe cells?. How do we know that cells exist?. The discovery of the microscope. Observed slices of cork with a comp. microscope (1600’s). Robert Hooke. 1600’s Used a simple microscope First to look at living cells. Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

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TOPIC: CELLS

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  1. TOPIC: CELLS AIM: How do we describe cells?

  2. How do we know that cells exist? The discovery of the microscope

  3. Observed slices of cork with a comp. microscope (1600’s) Robert Hooke

  4. 1600’s Used a simple microscope First to look at living cells Anton van Leeuwenhoek

  5. Observed one- celled organisms like bacteria Rain pond water, the mouth, intestines

  6. Observed plant cells All plants are made of cells Matthias Schleidan

  7. Observed animal cells All animals are made of cells Theodor Schwann

  8. All cells are made from pre-existing cells. (Cells divide  more cells) Rudolph Virchow

  9. Cell Theory 1. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all living things. (Living things are made of cells)

  10. 2. Cells are the basic unit of function of all living things (They carry out life processes) 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

  11. Exceptions to the Cell Theory 1. Viruses are NOT cells, and are NOT made of cells.

  12. Virus do not reproduce by division because they are not cells.

  13. 2. Mitochondria & Chloroplasts cell parts that have their own DNA and reproduce on their own. (Don’t need the nucleus to reproduce)

  14. 3. The first cell could not have come from a pre-existing cell.

  15. Microscopic Found in living things There are different types Smallest living thing on earth Cells

  16. EXAMPLES OF CELLS Skin cells Bone cells

  17. MORE CELLS Brain cells Blood cells

  18. If there are so many cells how do we classify them? 2.Based on the type of organism it belongs to • Plant cell • Animal cell • Based on location or function of the cell • blood cell • muscle cell

  19. Organism • Any living thing • Examples: • Shark -Tree -Bacteria • Human -Bird

  20. Nucleus or No Nucleus?? Some cells have a nucleus, they are called EUKARYOTES (Hey, you!! Do you have a nucleus?) • Animal and Plant cells are eukaryotes. Some cells don’t have a nucleus, they are called PROKARYOTES • Bacteria are prokaryotic cells.

  21. Cells work (perform life activities) because they contain organelles Organelles Structures that are found in the cell that perform all cell activities a.k.a cell parts

  22. Examples of organelles Nucleus • Located in the center of the cell • Appears as a circle • Sometimes solid in color The function is to be the control center for the cell and contains chromosomes. Contains a Nucleolus –helps in protein production. Chromosomes -contain hereditary genetic information

  23. Cell Membrane Located around the entire cell Made of lipids and proteins embedded within. The function is to be a barrier between the outside of the cell and the inside. AND…… Allows materials to transport in and out of the cell: SEMIPERMEABLE or Selectively Permeable

  24. Cytoplasm Located inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus Appears as the “liquid” between all the organelles The function is to support all the organelles AND… Transport materials around the cell: Called Cyclosis Similar to the ______in our bodies

  25. Vacuole Location is scattered around the cytoplasm Appears as an empty circle The function is to be the storage site for wastes and other cellular materials Similar to the garbage pails in each room

  26. Endoplasmic Reticulum Located around the nucleus Appears as canals A.k.a. – ER • The function of the ER is to transport materials within the cell AND…. Sometimes contains ribosomes

  27. Ribosomes Located on the ER and scattered around the cytoplasm Appears as dots The function is protein formation (synthesis) RIBosomes---Baby-back ribs give you protein

  28. What do cells need to do all this work? Mitochondria Located within the cytoplasm The function is the production of energy (ATP)by the process of cellular respiration!! A.k.a – the powerhouse

  29. More Organelles Golgi Bodies Stack of membranes in the cytoplasm. The function is to package and ship materials

  30. Lysosome Located in the cytoplasm Appear as small circular structures with particles insideThey contain Digestive Enzymes. • The function is to digest (break down) cellular materials

  31. Centriole Located in the cytoplasm Often near the nucleus Appears in a set of two ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS The function is to help the cell with cellular division of the chromosomes

  32. Chloroplasts Located around the edge of the cell Appear as oval structures with lines ONLY IN PLANT CELLS Contain Chlorophyll • The function is to perform photosynthesis Photosynthesis process in which plants produce their own food

  33. Cell wall Located outside the cell membrane ONLY IN PLANT CELLS The function is to provide support and structure for the cell

  34. Organelle Challenge

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