Settling the Great Basin: Exploring, Building, and Planting in Utah

1. Bell Ringer 1/7 Tell me your four interesting facts from the Primary Sources you looked at last week.

2. The Utah Journey: Holzapfel and Myers Chapter 7 Settling the Great Basin

3. Objective Students will apply and review learned information from Chapter 7: Settling the Great Basin.

4. Exploring their new home

5. Building a new home Three most important tasks facing them • Planting • Building homes • Exploring the valley Laying out Salt Lake City • Orson pratt and h.g. Sherwood planned grid • 135 blocks, 10 acres each, with 8 plots per block. • Streets were wide enough for a wagon and team to turn around.

6. The Grid System in Nauvoo • The first city built this way was Nauvoo. • Joseph Smith came up with this system • He believed there were advantages of living in close communities, instead of isolated farms. • What may have been some advantages to living in communities?

7. The first winter • September 1847 – first large group of pioneers reached the S.L. valley • 1,540 people, 580 wagons, 124 horses, 9 mules, 2,213 oxen, 887 cows, 358 sheep, 35 hogs, and 716 chickens • Cattle and horses destroyed the crops the pioneers had planted • Winter weather was mild – but the food was scarce.

8. When spring rolled around it brought crickets with it • These crickets were destroying all of the plants • People quit working the fields and talked of going to California • Fought cricket by banging on tin pans, knocking them off with brooms, and gathering them and burning them or dumping them in the river. • Seagulls came and ate the crickets

9. Bell Ringer 1/8 • What trials did the pioneers experience when they finally arrived in utah?

10. Immigration • Brigham young encouraged converts to the church to make the journey to utah to help build their community • Architects, builders, weavers, printers, and stonemasons, manufacturers of iron, glass, and sugar. • Thousands of immigrants from Canada, the British Isles, and Scandinavia made the journey

11. Arriving in the U.s. the converts had to get to Salt Lake by riverboat, wagons pulled by oxen, and later with handcarts.

12. Perpetual migration Fund (1849) • Young wanted a way to bring more LDS members to Utah from their camps in Iowa. • He instituted the Perpetual emigrating fund company (PEF) • Why would Brigham Young have chosen to create this fund, instead of making people pay for themselves? • Immigrants paid back their loans through: • Preforming labor • Cash • Farm products • Goods • Members donated: • Money • Oxen • Wagons • food http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Mormon_Pioneer_handcart_statue.jpg

16. Settlement Patterns • Streets laid in grid pattern • Streets were very wide • Irrigation ditches ran beside streets • Large city blocks • Squares – centers of towns used for parks and public buildings • Farmlands planted around the city center – surrounded by poplar trees.

17. Unique lifestyle • Leaders of the church were leaders of the government • People divided into groups called wards with a bishop as the leader • Wards were grouped into stakes. Each stake had a stake president • Land was given according to needs of each family • Extra food was gathered and given to the poor or new immigrants • No one was idle – given public works projects to do.

18. Pioneer day and music

20. The Great Compromiser • After the Mexican-American war, the United States was in a debate about slavery. • Senator Henry Clay came up with a compromise where both those for and against slavery would be happy. • California entered the US as a free state, while Utah and New Mexico became territories • Utah and New Mexico were allowed to decide on their own whether to allow slavery. • The senator became known as “The Great Compromiser.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:United_States_1850-1853-03.png

21. Territorial Rights As a territory, Utah did not have the same rights as a state: • As a territory Utah Could choose some local officials and make some local laws. • They could not vote for the president, governor, or judges, or have representatives vote in congress. • What would have been the advantages to being a state instead of a territory? https://www.lds.org/manual/church-history-in-the-fulness-of-times-student-manual/chapter-twenty-eight-utah-in-isolation?lang=eng

22. Utah’s First Capital • Utah’s first capital was located in Fillmore, Utah. • Fillmore was centrally located in the territory, but was not a convenient location for most of the state legislatures. • The capital was moved to Salt Lake City after one session. • The city (Fillmore), and the county (Millard) were named after the president at the time, Millard Fillmore. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Territorial_Statehouse_in_Fillmore_Utah.jpg

23. Review

24. List 3 things the Compromise of 1850 did for Utah? Made Utah a territory Appointed a governor Appointed judges

25. What practice in the Mormon religion allowed for multiple wives? Polygamy

26. What were the different ways settlers traveled to Utah? Handcart Wagon Boat

27. The Mormons set up a fund that would enable many Mormon immigrants to continue to move into Utah. It was called the: Perpetual Emigration Fund

28. The First Capital in Utah was in: Fillmore It was named after which President of the United States? Millard Fillmore

29. True or False: There was no rhyme or reason to how Utah towns were built. False! Explain the difference between an emigrant and an immigrant. Emigrant: leaves a state or country Immigrant: Come to a state or Country

30. One of the first buildings built by Mormons in Utah was a , a shaded place to hold meetings. Bowery

31. List the 3 most important tasks facing the Mormons once they reached the Salt Lake Valley. Build Homes Plants Crops Explore the area

32. The Mormons had used the grid system to set up a previous city they had built before Salt Lake City. What city was it? Nauvoo

33. Explain why the streets in Salt Lake were so wide. In order to turn a horse and carriage around.

34. In the late 1840’s, what event helped boost the economy of the Great Basin while bringing much needed money to the people living in Utah? Gold Rush in California

35. List 3 reasons why Mormon Pioneers built many settlements across Utah and surrounding areas. Settle new area Trading posts Place for travelers to rest

36. True or False: Mormons built settlements all over Utah to gain control over the Indians in the region. False

37. What is the #1 reason people used handcarts to move west? Cheaper Immigrants paid back the Perpetual Emigration Fund by: Donating labor Paying back in cash Farm products or goods

38. Identify 3 problems faced by the Mormon Pioneers once living in Utah. Weather Water Indians Who was known as “The Great Compromiser” and came up with the Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay

39. Identify what the people in the Utah Territory could they could not do because Utah was not given Statehood. • Could not vote for a president, governor, or judges • No representatives could vote in congress

40. Vocabulary Words: Isolate Proposed Compromise Petition Morality Survey Bowery

41. Exit Ticket: What is one thing about this test you feel confident with? What is one thing you feel you need to study more?

42. Sources: Jackson, Richard H. "The Mormon Village: Genesis and Antecedents of the City of Zion Plan." BYU Studies 17 (Winter 1977):223-40. Holzapfel, R. N., & Myers, S. A. (2009). The Utah Journey. Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith.