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Life's Classification: A Review of Taxonomy & Binomial Nomenclature

This brief review covers the classification of living organisms, detailing the taxonomy system and Binomial Nomenclature by Linnaeus. Learn about the levels of classification, the importance of Latin and Greek in scientific names, and the Six Kingdoms in organizing life. Explore the characteristics of each kingdom: Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Discover how scientists categorize organisms based on phylogeny and distinctive traits. Also, find out about dichotomous keys used for identification. Expand your understanding of life's diversity and organization.

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Life's Classification: A Review of Taxonomy & Binomial Nomenclature

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  1. Organizing Life Classification, Taxonomy & Dichotomous Key A brief review…..

  2. Classification

  3. Classification • CLASSIFICATION is a manmade system for grouping living organisms with similar characteristics. • TAXONOMY is the branch of biology that assigns names to all the various living organisms.

  4. Binomial Nomenclature Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) developed the system which gives a two part scientific name to each kind of organism. Rana pipiens or Rana pipiens

  5. Binomial Nomenclature Linnaeus’s system that gives each organism two names: -First word – genus; always capitalized -Second word – species; lowercase -Both words are italicized or underlined -Example: Homo sapiens (humans); if you were writing the name you would underline the words – Homosapiens

  6. Binomial Nomenclature • Scientists agreed to use a single name for each species. Because eighteenth-century scientists understood Latin and Greek, they used those languages for scientific names. • Genus – (first word) a group of closely related species • Species – (second word) unique to each species within the genus

  7. Taxonomy • Categories of organisms are referred to as Taxon or TAXA. !

  8. Dichotomous Key • special guides to help identify organisms. • consists of several pairs of descriptive statements Background Image: http://www.funny-potato.com/images/animals/jellyfish/jellyfish.jpg

  9. CLASSIFICATION • Linnaeus’s system of classification includes seven levels. • Listed from largest to smallest

  10. Classification • Biologists place living things in the classification system based on phylogeny (evolutionary relationships, structure, development, biochemistry, and behavior.

  11. The Six Kingdoms Organizing life in infinite varieties

  12. Kingdom Eubacteria • True bacteria: prokaryotic, microscopic, unicellular • more than 10,000 species identified

  13. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Ancient bacteria found in extreme environments like salt lakes, deep ocean vents and geysers. • Unicellular • Prokaryotic – live in the absence of oxygen

  14. Kingdom Protista • Unicellular & multicellular • some plantlike & some animallike, but are not plants, animals or fungi • Eukaryote that lacks complex organ systems • Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp

  15. Kingdom Protista • No single trait is unique to protist • Protists can be autotrophs or heterotrophs, and a few can switch between modes • Some single-celled protists can develop into a nonmotile, dormant cyst during hard times

  16. Kingdom Fungi • Decomposers • Unicellular or multicellular • eukaryotic • Heterotrophic • Mushrooms, yeast

  17. Kingdom Plantae • Multicellular oxygen producers • stationary eukaryotes • most have cellulose cell walls • Chloroplasts • Mosses, ferns, flowering plants

  18. Kingdom Animalia • Multicellular consumers; most able to move • no cell walls • most have specialized tissues & organs • Eukaryotic • Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals

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