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The Columbian Exchange: Transformative Impacts of Spanish and Portuguese Explorations

The Columbian Exchange fundamentally altered the Western Hemisphere through the Spanish and Portuguese explorations. Hernán Cortés, with only 500 followers, famously conquered the Aztec civilization, illustrating the complex interplay of heroism and villainy in exploration. While celebrated in Europe as a hero, his legacy is one of destruction and oppression for the Aztecs. This exchange introduced new plants, animals, and diseases, reshaping populations and cultures across continents. Explore the immediate and long-term effects of this momentous period in history.

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The Columbian Exchange: Transformative Impacts of Spanish and Portuguese Explorations

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  1. Columbian Exchange Aim/Goal: What impact did Spanish and Portuguese explorations have on the Western Hemisphere? Do Now: Cortes (Spain), with only 500 followers, conquered the great Aztec (Mexico) civilization. Why was he considered a hero by the Europeans, but a villain by the Aztecs? What question does this raise about exploration.

  2. Seeds of Change • Animals • Plants • Diseases • New Technologies • New peoples

  3. New Animals in the Americas • Horse • Cox • Pig • Chicken • Rats • Bees

  4. New plants in the Americas • Sugarcane • Grapes • Wheat • Bananas • Coconut Palms • Coffee • Dandelions

  5. New plants in the “Old World” • Potato • Corn • Tomato • Sweet Potato • Cacao (Cocoa) • Pineapples • Pumpkins

  6. “Old World” Diseases • Smallpox • Measles • Diphteria • Chicken Pox • Bubonic Plague • Influenza • Cholera • Malaria

  7. “New World” Diseases • Syphillis • Hepatitis • Polio • Tuberculosis

  8. New Technologies • Wheel • Firearms

  9. New Peoples • African slaves • Mestizos New people brought with them new ideas and cultures

  10. Cultural Diffusion • The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another. • Cultural diffusion occurs through migration, trade and welfare.

  11. Immediate Causes: • Europeans arrive in the Americas • Europeans bring new plants, animals and diseases to the Americas • Long Term Causes: • God • Gold • Glory Columbian Exchange • Long Term Effects: • Spread of products all around the world • Population growth in Europe, Asia, and Africa • Cultural diffusion • Migration from Europe to the Americas • Growth of Capitalism • Immediate Effects: • Spanish conquer Aztecs and Incas • Native Americans die of European diseases • Enslaved Africans are brought to the Americas • American floods are introduced to other parts of the world

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