Summary Talk Few Body 18 Ivo Šlaus R. Bošković Institute and TUNL, Duke U niversity

1. Summary Talk Few Body 18Ivo ŠlausR. Bošković Institute and TUNL, Duke U niversity I. 50 years ago II. Paradigm change in the NN studies III. Paradigm change in 3B theories IV. Technology we develop changes us V. Few-body research - results, questions VI. Is there an end for few-body research? VII. Few-body research community VIII. Challenges IX. On being a physicist (Acknowledgement)

2. Nuclear Forces Experiments Few-body theory Gartenhouse ’55 LASL ’53-’69 Signell- Zagreb ’61-’70 Faddeev ‘60 Marshak’58 ann = -21.7±1 fm OBE 3H:-18±3,7Li(n,tα)n - fusion Bryan- Rice, BNL ’65-’74 Mitra ‘62 Scott ‘69 Sequential (FSI), QFS Amado’63 3NF Caltech, UC Berkeleyseparable Primakoff- 4He levels, 3He? Alt - Holstein ’39 UCLA ’64-’72 Grassberger - n!/ m!(n-m)! nn QFS, NNγ Sandhas ‘67 Fujita- IKO - Ad, Zagreb ‘71 AGS Miyazawa ‘57 BOL-system, 4π emuls. (NN on & off, 3NF)

3. II. Paradigm change in the NN studies Hybrid OBE Phenomenological 3NF Kukulin CDBonn AV14 TM Doleschall Shirokov TM99’(χS) AV18 UIX IL 1-5 χEFT χPT (Q/Λ)n next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order N3LO R. Machleidt et al, J.J. De Swart et al, V.J. Pandaripandhe et al, U. G. Meissner et al

5. TABLE 1 χ2 for various NN potentials compared to NN data

6. TABLE 2Deuteron and some very light nuclei

7. TABLE 3. BE (MeV) of 3  A  16 with 3NF

8. CONCLUSIONS • High precision NN potentials → χ2 = 1.0 to NN data below 350 MeV ΔσT / ΔσL data → χ2 = 1.08 2) N3LO needed 3) Correct ordering of energy levels of light nuclei, e.g. 9Be, 10B with IL 2 (strong LS) AV18 contains EM AV18 fit to 17 states → ave deviation 7.32 MeV AV18+UIX 2.02 MeV AV18 + IL 3 0.04 MeV AV18+IL2 fit to 39 states below 12C < 0.7 MeV

9. III. Paradigm change in 3B theories • Rigorous 3B: Glöckle, Witala, Sauer, Deltuva, Fonseca: Δ + EM • GFMC • NCSM - sensitivities - excellent fit - evidence for 3NF: energy levels of light nuclei and elastic and inelastic scattering (NB: strong LS in Ay and in ordering levels)

14. IV. Technology we develop changes our research and us ACCELERATORS: 17,500 = 120 (E > 1 GeV); 1000 “low E” research; 100 synchrotrons more than 7,500 radiotherapy and 7,000 ion implantation IUCF, TUNL, HIγS, KVI, MAMI, CELSIUS, LEGS, RIKEN..Jlab... RIB: ISOLDE, SPIRAL, ISAC, Lln, RIBF, RIBBL...2011? 14Be(4ms), 8He(119ms)....10C(19s), 18Ne(17s) COSY, Nuclotron, DAΦNE P*ANDA+FAIR+HESR 1011p* to study c in hadron media DETECTORS: 76Ge, KamLAND, IceCube (South P).... SALAD, SCANDAL, WASA, ANKE, Crystal ball....... COMPUTERS: valves/cards → PC (25), supercomputers, DNA (Shapiro), quantum computer

15. V. Few-body research - results, questions V 1. Evidence for 3NF • Energy levels A ≤ 16, 10B (3+) +Ili; full N3LO • PSA of Nd: 4PJ vs NN 3PJ • σt (E=150 - 200 MeV) • σmin(θ=100o-160o) at E = 95 MeV and other E • Kkij Ep = 22.7 MeV • Ay, iT11 Cyy Ep = 197 MeV • 72 kinematic configurations KVI Ed = 130 MeV

16. Comparison between 3B and 130 MeV data

18. V 2. Symmetries • CKM Δ=1 – (|Vud|2 + |Vus|2 + |Vub|2)=0.0043±0.0019, 2 σ! Vud=0.97377±0.00024; Vus=0.2272±0.001; Vub=3.96x10-3 Δfr = 0.0004±0.011, Δsr = 0.032±0.181, Δfc = 0.001±0.005 compatible with unitarity • CP violation Elect. dipole: n<6x10-26ecm; e = (0.07±0.07)10-26ecm A non-zero value requires both P and T violation. Neutrino vs antineutrino → lepton sector (neutrino have mass, Σi mi ≤ 1eV from WMAP)

19. 3) CPT invariance - equality of masses and τ of particles and antiparticles: (mK*o – mKo)/mKo< 5x10-18 4) Conservation of lepton numbers Neutrinoless double β decay: ΔL = 2: (Z,A) → (Z+2,A)+e-+e- 76Ge τ> 1.9x1025 y (CL 90%) 5) Time variation of fundamental constants Δα’/α ≤ 10-3 , (6.4±1.3) 10-16/y from quasar line absorption BBN: 2H and Li primordial abundances np→dγ 30 - 130 keV (HIγS + EFT)

20. 6) Supersymmetric particle searches neutralino m(χoi) >46 GeV CL 95% chargino m(χ±i) > 94 GeV CL 95% selectron m(se) > 73 GeV CL 95% squark m(sq) > 259 GeV CL 95% gluino m(g) > 195 GeV CL 95%

21. 7) CD from π±πo and CSB from md≠mu, ed≠eu 1) Exptl and χ quark model values for scattering lengths anpappann(fm) Exp-23.7480.009-17.30.3*-18.90.4 χQM -23.749-17.807-18.539 • *Experimental result is –7.8130.004 2) 3H – 3He BE difference (keV) Experimental764 Coulomb 676 Mn≠Mp 14 CSB NN 65  22 CSB 3N 5 Total 760  22

22. 3) Nolen – Schiffer anomaly 4) Superratio π+π- on 3H/3He 5) D(d,α)πo 228 & 232 MeV IUCF 12.7±2.2 & 15.1±3.1 pb vs EFT 23 & 30.8 pb 6) Asymmetry in σ(θ) of H(n,d)πo TRIUMF (17.2 ± 8st± 5.5sy)10-4 vs EFT ≤ 69x10-4 7) CS πN small CSB 8) Λ separation energies in 3ΛH vs 3ΛHe after removing Coulomb 390 keV 9) ΔA = An - Ap

23. A = An – Ap (in 10-4)

24. TABLE 5 Charge Symmetry Breaking (energies in keV, ERP in fm)

26. V 3. Experimental data “not compatible” with “current theories” • Discrepancies between πNN cc from ≠observables • 3He(γ,p)d and 3He(γ,pp)n at 10.2 and 16 MeV at TERAS Cross sections for the reactions 3He(,p)d and 3He(,pp)n E(MeV) AV18 AV18+UIX Exptl (,p)d (mb) 10.2 1.01 0.96 0.770.05 (,p)d (mb) 16.0 0.71 0.72 0.650.05 (,pp)n (mb) 10.2 0.55 0.490.150.05 (,pp)n (mb) 16.0 1.07 1.04 0.910.06 Prel. 12.8 MeV linearly polarized  from HIS at forward angles n energy spectra peak at lower En ≠ CDB+Coulomb.

27. 3) pd capture XS, Axx and Ayyat 140 – 200 MeV RCNP ≠ calc with 3NF 4) σ(θ) 108 – 190 MeV 5) Ay puzzle E≤ 25 MeV & at E = 150 – 190 MeV 6) σ(θ), Ay. Kyy’ and Kxx’ at 250 MeV 7) ann 8) σ(θ) and Ayy at 19 MeV H(d,pp)n in SCRE 9) Space starpd: 10.3 - 130 MeV; nd: 10.3 - 25 MeV 10) pp and nn QFS (25 MeV nn this conf) 11) Axx, Ayy, Axz in H(d,pp)n at 135 MeV/nucleon 12) Lithium problem: 7Li BBN ≈ 2x observational values

35. VI. Is there an end for few-body research?Dark”Energy” 73%, Dark”Matter” 22.6%, BM 4.4%; T = 13.7± 0.2 Gy 1) Strange matter, “strangelets”, 3ΛH to 209ΛBi, 6ΛΛHe, 10ΛΛBe and 13ΛΛB. Λ Λ interaction weaker than thought before, N, Λ, Σ and Ξ interactions Nijmegen group 2) Exotic states: 4He(Kstop,p)”3baryon”, M = 3117, Γ<21 MeV (?), states around 2 GeV QM predicted not found 3)η-physics, η-mesic nuclei, ηN scattering length; η→ πoγγΓex=0.45±0.09st± 0.08sy eV test for χPT: Γ=0.42±0.2eV;

36. 4) Hybrids (qq*g) and Glueballs (gg) Smoking guns JPC = 0--, 1-+, 2+-.... Evidence: in pπ-→π-π+π-p at 18 GeV/c 1-+, 5) Hadron in media could ≠ from free ? 6) Neutron and proton drip-lines, e.g. X(31F,x) pb; Efimov effect, Thomas effect; QFR and “2 spectators QFS”; Borromean, samba and tango nuclei 7) NNγ:”off-shell NN amplitude is as a matter of principle an unmeasurable quantity in NNγ” (1964→75→2000) (Brayshaw, Noyes, Polyzou and Glöckle: off shell – 3NF) SURPRISES ARE MORE THAN LIKELY

38. VII. Few-body research community astrophysics | {particle, nuclear - FB - atomic, condensed matter} | chemistry, biomed FB conferences every 2-3 years since 1967 European FB since 1975, Asian-Pacific since 1999 (typically 200-400 participants from 20 – 40 countries) FewBody Systems 1986 (W. Plessas) APS FB 330 vs APS NP 2476

39. VIII CHALLENGES • Nuclear interaction at N3LO (with 3NF) even N4LO implying CD and CSB • More EFT χPT studies required • Rigorous 3B, 4B, GFMC, NCSM using NnLO with n ≥ 3 and CD + CSB • Relativity • Short range: dibaryon – Moscow/Tübingen; p-e EFT potentials should give the same result for all observables • Can all EFT parameters be uniquel determined? • Latitude in fine tuning PS and parameters?

40. 8) π-N scattering data should get πNN cc 9) “Several” potentials - temporary 10) N – hyperon and H – H interaction 11) Mesons, baryons, resonances hybrids, glueballs, etc – topics of conferences: NSTAR, MENU, ETAMESON, e.g. np→dη relativistic descriptions and PWA workshops, eg Abilene, Zagreb, Tuzla 12) Symmetries

41. 13) FB systems ideal for “new physics” search - weak charge of p (Jlab) - K*N scatt. length to test χSB in systems with strangenness using DEAR and SIDDHARTA 14) New facilities: Bernal – Polanyi polemics 15) “Discrepancies” solved using “proper” “3NF” or ? However, there are other “discrepancies” 16) Therefore, several approaches desirable 17) Rennaisance of nuclear physics 3B actually more complex !

42. IX. On being a physicist Knowledge-based society Paul Crutzen, Martin Rees John Carey “The Faber Book of Science” A.Toffler Aristotle Rurtherford G. Galilei