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Understanding Matter: Properties, Changes, and Characteristics

This chapter explores the fundamental properties of matter, defining it as anything with mass and volume. It distinguishes between physical and chemical properties, providing clear definitions and examples for each. Key concepts such as mass, volume, density, malleability, ductility, and solubility are discussed alongside the differences between physical and chemical changes. Insights into characteristic properties and evidence of chemical changes, such as color change and gas production, are highlighted. An engaging resource for understanding the basics of matter and its transformations.

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Understanding Matter: Properties, Changes, and Characteristics

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  1. Chapter 1 Notes The Properties of Matter

  2. What is Matter? • Matter is anything that has Mass and Volume • Mass is the amount of matteran object contains. • Units: grams (g), kilograms (kg) • Volume is the amount of space an object takes up. • Units: liquids: liters (L), milliliters (mL), Solids: cubic centimeters (cm3) mL = cm3

  3. Vocabulary YOUneed to know! Meniscus Read at the bottom of the meniscus!

  4. Physical vs. Chemical Properties

  5. Physical Properties • Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter. • Examples: • Color • Odor • Mass • Volume • Density (Density = Mass/Volume) • State – Solid, Liquid, or Gas? • Malleability – Can I flatten it? • Ductility – Can I stretch it into a thin wire? • Solubility – Can I dissolve it in something? • Thermal Conductivity – Does it carry heat?

  6. Chemical Properties • Chemical properties describe a substance’s ability to change into a new, different substance with different properties. • Examples: • Flammability – Does it burn? • Reactivity – Does it react when mixed with some other substance to make a new substance?

  7. Characteristic Properties • Characteristic properties are always the same, whether the object is large or small. • Characteristic properties can be physical or chemical. • Examples: Examples that are NOT: • DensityᵒSize • Solubility ᵒ Volume • Reactivity ᵒ Shape • Boiling Point ᵒ State of Matter

  8. Physical Changes • In a physical change, a physical property changes, but the identity of the substance does not change. • Physical changes are sometimes easy to undo • Examples: • Melting ice or boiling water • Ripping paper into pieces • Dissolving sugar into water

  9. Chemical Changes • In a chemical change, a substance changes into a different substance. • Chemical changes are usually difficultto undo. • Examples: • Burning wood or “snakes” • Spoiling milk (curdling) • Rusting metal • Baking a cake

  10. Evidence of a chemical change • Change in color (unexpected) • Unexpected change in temperature Endothermic – heat is absorbed. (feels cooler) Exothermic – heat is released. (feels hotter) • Gas produced (bubbles appear, foaming) • Odor produced (smells) • A solid forms (precipate) when two liquids are mixed • Electricity is generated • Light is produced • Fire is produced

  11. Try it! • http://www.gamequarium.org/dir/Gamequarium/Science/Physical_and_Chemical_Changes/

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