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KINGDOM ANIMALIA

KINGDOM ANIMALIA. CHARACTERISTICS. EUKARYOTIC MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHIC (by ingestion) MOVE AT SOME POINT IN LIFE DIGEST FOOD TO GET NUTRIENTS LACK CELL WALLS. TRENDS IN ANIMAL EVOLUTION. CELL SPECIALIZATION CEPHALIZATION EARLY DEVELOPMENT BODY SYMMETRY BODY CAVITY FORMATION.

dylan-jimenez
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KINGDOM ANIMALIA

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  1. KINGDOM ANIMALIA

  2. CHARACTERISTICS • EUKARYOTIC • MULTICELLULAR • HETEROTROPHIC (by ingestion) • MOVE AT SOME POINT IN LIFE • DIGEST FOOD TO GET NUTRIENTS • LACK CELL WALLS

  3. TRENDS IN ANIMAL EVOLUTION • CELL SPECIALIZATION • CEPHALIZATION • EARLY DEVELOPMENT • BODY SYMMETRY • BODY CAVITY FORMATION

  4. CELL SPECIALIZATION • CELLS FORM TISSUES • EPITHELIAL (skin, lining of cavities) • CONNECTIVE (bone, blood) • MUSCULAR (heart, biceps) • NERVOUS (brain, nerves)

  5. CEPHALIZATION • CONCENTRATION OF SENSE ORGANS AND NERVE CELLS AT FRONT END OF BODY

  6. EARLY DEVELOPMENT FERTILIZATION FORMS A ZYGOTE BLASTULA (hollow ball of cells) GASTRULA (stage when layers that produce adult tissues form) GERM LAYER FORMATION

  7. GERM LAYERS • ECTODERM • ENDODERM • MESODERM

  8. GERM LAYERS • ECTODERM • Covers surface of embryo • Forms outer covering & CNS • ENDODERM • Innermost germ layer • Forms lining of digestive tract, liver, lungs • MESODERM • Located b/w ectoderm & endoderm • Forms muscles & most organs

  9. PROTOSTOMES mouth forms from the opening (blastopore) of the gastrula DEUTEROSTOMES anus forms from the opening (blastopore) of the gastrula during development 2 TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT

  10. BODY SYMMETRY • Animal’s body plans are adapted for how they get their food • they may be motile (move) or sessile (don’t move)

  11. 3 TYPES OF BODY SYMMETRY • Asymmetrical-no symmetry (ex, sponge) Bilateral- body plan in which single line can divide body into 2 equal parts • Radial-body plan in which body parts repeat around center of body

  12. Dorsal- top or back Ventral- bottom Anterior- head end that goes first Posterior- tail end that follows Lateral- along the side (lengthwise) ANATOMICAL TERMS

  13. ANATOMICAL TERMS Dorsal AnteriorPosterior Ventral

  14. ACOELOMATE- no body cavity b/w digestive tract and outer body wall ex. Platyhelminthes (flatworms) BODY PLANS OR BODY CAVITY FORMATION

  15. BODY PLANS OR BODY CAVITY FORMATION • PSEUDOCOELOMATE- slight body cavity between the mesoderm and endoderm Ex. Nematoda (roundworms)

  16. BODY PLANS OR BODY CAVITY FORMATION • COELOMATE- body cavity forms and cushions organs, allows for growth of organs. Ex. Annelids (earthworm)

  17. FEEDING HETEROTROPHS • HERBIVORES- eat vegetation such as plants

  18. FEEDING HETEROTROPHS • CARNIVORES- eat other animals

  19. FEEDING HETEROTROPHS • OMNIVORES- feed on both vegetation & other animals

  20. FEEDING HETEROTROPHS • FILTER FEEDERS- feed by straining tiny floating plants

  21. FEEDING HETEROTROPHS • DETRITUS FEEDERS- feed on tiny bits of decaying matter Sea Cucumber

  22. FEEDING HETEROTROPHS • PARASITES- feed on living organisms usually destroying or injuring the host organism

  23. INVERTEBRATES 95% of animal species No backbone VERTEBRATES 5% of animal species Contains backbone 2 MAIN GROUPINGS OF ANIMALS

  24. ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS OF ANIMALS • FEEDING • RESPIRATION • CIRCULATION • EXCRETION • RESPONSE • MOVEMENT • REPRODUCTION SEE PAGES 658-659.

  25. VARIOUS ANIMAL FUNCTIONS HELP MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS OFTEN BY USING FEEDBACK MECHANISMS INCLUDING FEEDBACK INHIBITION • EXAMPLE: DOGS GET HOT RUNNING, NERVOUS SYSTEM TRIGGERS PANTING. PANTING REDUCES BODY TEMPERATURE SO PANTING STOPS.

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