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Understanding the Skeletal System: Functions and Bone Classifications

The skeletal system serves essential functions, including support, protection, movement, storage, and red blood cell formation. The axial skeleton, comprising the cranium, vertebrae, and ribs, provides structural support, while the appendicular skeleton consists of limb bones. Vital organs like the heart and brain are protected by the skeletal frame, such as the rib cage and skull. Bones also serve as storage sites for fat and minerals. Types of bone tissue include compact and spongy, classified into long, short, flat, and irregular bones, each playing unique roles in human anatomy.

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Understanding the Skeletal System: Functions and Bone Classifications

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  1. Skeletal System Functions of Bone: • Support & Protection • Red Blood Cell Formation • Storage • Movement Skeletal System

  2. Support • Axial Skeleton: includes cranium, vertebrae & ribs - provides body’s structural core, supporting appendicular skeleton • Appendicular Skeleton - includes all limb bones

  3. Protection • Shields that protect vital organs An example: rib cage protects • HEART • LUNGS Another example: skull protects BRAIN

  4. Red Blood Cell Formation - Hematopoiesis • Red Marrow - cavities of spongy bone of long bones and in diploe (regions of spongy bone) of flat bones. • Over 100 million RBC’s produced every minute. RBC’s lose nuclei before leaving the marrow - survives 120 days.

  5. Storage • Cavities of Bone - FAT storage • Bone Matrix - MINERAL storage; Ca, P, K, Na, S, Mg, Cu, released as ions into the bloodstream when needed

  6. Movement • Muscle-operated levers • Arrangement of bone & joint design determine type of movement possible

  7. Chemical Composition • Organic: • Cells = osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts • Matrix (35%) - collagen, fibers • Inorganic: • Mineral Salts (65%), Calcium salts - hardness of bone, durability • Resists 25,000 lb/in2 compression and 15,000 lb/in2 tension

  8. Types of Tissue 1) Compact Bone: dense, concentric rings with canals - Haversian System - serving as conduits fornerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels. 2) Spongy Bone:cancellous; “little beams”; open spaces help resist stress • Classification of Bone • Long, Flat, Short, Irregular

  9. Classification of Bone examples Long Bones: all bones of limbs, except patella, wrist, ankle. Short Bones: wrist, ankle, sesamoid (patella) Irregular Bones: some skull, vertebrae, hip Flat Bones: sternum, ribs, skull

  10. Types of Fractures

  11. Simple fracture of the radius and ulna. Simple fracture = does not break the skin.

  12. Simple fracture of the clavicle

  13. Common fracture sites of the foot and leg

  14. Compound fracture of the humerus. Compound fracture = breaks the skin and is open to infection.

  15. Spiral fracture of the femur. Spiral fracture = a twisting motion breaks the bones at an angle.

  16. Greenstick Fracture=incomplete break; like a green twig Common in children

  17. Simple fracture of a metacarpal

  18. Spiral What type of fracture is this?

  19. Spiral fracture after surgery. You can see the pins that were placed through the bone.

  20. Compound fracture of the tibia and fibula. Go to Website

  21. What type of fracture? Simple Bone involved? Metacarpal

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