Key Terms – Japan and Feudalism (2)

1. Kabuki Haiku Key Terms – Japan and Feudalism (2) • Toyotomi Hideyoshi • Muskets • Francis Xavier • Zen Buddhism • Tokugawa Shogunate • Bakuhan System • Ninja • Isolationism

2. Political Turmoil • From 1330-1568, the Ashikaga clan ruled Japan and allowed control to fall to the daimyos due to their weak rule. • Civil wars would erupt leaving Japan without a ruler until Oba Nobunaga managed to gain control of Kyoto. • Nobunaga would not live long enough to gain complete control leading to his general, Toyotomi Hideyoshi gaining control of a unified Japan in 1590 • Hideyoshi would attempt to conquer Korea but would be unable to do so

3. European Arrival • Europeans would manage to enter into Japan before the establishment of Canton and Macau in China in 1542 by the Portuguese. • Japanese would acquire knowledge about muskets → long barreled firearms similar to rifles. • Frances Xavier would also arrive in Japan and convert many Japanese to Christianity. • Many Japanese would convert to Christianity but would not gain the traction that Zen Buddhism would gain

4. Portuguese Trading Ports in Asia

5. Japan in 1600

6. Zen Buddhism • Monks would introduce a new version of Buddhism to Japan. • It involved special forms of meditation used to gain enlightenment at a faster rate. • This new religion would be known as Zen Buddhism and would be based on the idea of zen or peace. • Zen Buddhists make use of gardens and quiet activities to meditate and ruminate about the happenings of their lives. • Uses some ideas of feng shui

7. Zen Gardens

8. Feng Shui

9. Tokugawa Shogunate • Tokugawa Ieyasu would gain control of the daimyos in Japan and start the Tokugawa Shogunate. • The Shogunate would now become a hereditary position. • Some changes were instituted by the shogunate: • Capital was moved from Kyoto to Edo (Tokyo) • Bakuhan government was used → limited the power of the daimyos, forced them to move to the capital. • Daimyos lost power and could not mount rebellions

10. Ninjas • A new form of warrior arrived over time in Japan. • Many warriors chose a divergent form of training from that of the samurai, one that focused more on stealth and mission-oriented combat. • This warrior was known as the ninja → warriors who wore little armor, used explosives and small weapons, and were used as assassins. • The ninja was well respected for his ability to infiltrate different areas and clans and to avoid capture. • Women would also take up this art and form their own smaller ninja circles known as the Kunoichi → rarely were caught, were important to rulers as infiltrators and saboteurs

11. Ninja Components

12. Social Structure • Society was reorganized within the Tokugawa Shogunate. • Peasants were given more power since it was on the back of their labor that the society ran. • Merchants were still in the lower class because they held little to no skill. • Artisans became the third class in this society because of their ability to maintain the weapons and armor of the samurai. • The samurai became the highest class below the daimyos and shoguns.

13. Isolationism • The Japanese began to believe that traders from other countries were having a negative impact on Japanese society. • Began to remove many Europeans from Japanese cities. • Closed ports to Europeans and only allowed a set amount of ships to enter the port at Nagasaki yearly. • Ended the spread of Christianity and forced missionaries to leave Japan. • Mimicked the Canton System of trading in China.

14. Changes in Art • Japanese art became significantly more unique over the 16th and 17th Centuries. • Some changes include: • The introduction of kabuki plays → used people dressed in bright makeup singing, dancing and acting. • The use of haiku poetry → poetry written with a specific syllabic scheme and used very few lines to pass on a message. • The use of landscape art

15. Kabuki

16. Japanese Landscape Art