1 / 88

Muhammad Moazzam Khan

Muhammad Moazzam Khan. Importance of inland waters, lakes and marine fish species and the impact of climate change on these. Also, the impact of climate change on fishing and the how it all affects the local communities. Importance of: Inland waters and lakes Marine fish species

dustin
Download Presentation

Muhammad Moazzam Khan

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Muhammad Moazzam Khan Importance of inland waters, lakes and marine fish species and the impact of climate change on these. Also, the impact of climate change on fishing and the how it all affects the local communities

  2. Importance of: • Inland waters and lakes • Marine fish species • Impact of climate change on these. • Impact of climate change: • on fishing and • how it all affects the local communities Presentation Contents

  3. Inland Fisheries • Marine Fisheries • Aquaculture Fisheries Resources

  4. STREAM/RIVERS

  5. LARGE RIVERS R I VE R I NDUS

  6. RESERVOIRS

  7. DAMS

  8. NATURAL LAKES

  9. AQUACULTURE

  10. Inland (million hectare) • Rivers 3.19 • Dams/Canals 0.15 • Lakes 3.14 • Indus Delta 0.38 • Flood area 1.00 • Farms 0.06 • Total 7.92 Inland Resources

  11. Dominated by Cyprinids • Indian major carps • Exotic carps • Other species include catfish, snakeheads, spiny eels, • Sindh has most surface water bodies including natural lakes, dhands, seepage areas, therefore, has high production. FRESHWATER FISHERIES

  12. Freshwater Fish: Local Species Rohu: Labeorohita Morakhi: Cirrihinusmrigala Thaila: Catlacatla

  13. Freshwater Fish: Local Species Wallago: Wallagoattu Catfish: Mystusseenghala Catfish: Rita macracanthus Snakehead: Channamarulius Featherback: Chitalachitala Spiny eel: Mastacembelusarmatus

  14. Freshwater Fish: Exotic Species Common carp: Cyprinuscarpio Grass carp: Ctenopharyngodonidella Silver carp: Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix Nile tilapia:Oreochromisniloticus

  15. FISH PRODUCTION (INLAND)

  16. FISH PRODUCTION (INLAND)

  17. DELTA/ESTUARY

  18. ARABIAN SEA

  19. PAKISTAN’SCOAST LINE

  20. EXTENDED EEZ TOTAL >300,000 SQ KM EEZ – 200 NM 240,000 SQ KM EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE 21

  21. Dominated by pelagic (surface dwelling) and demersal (bottom dwelling) and shellfishes • Demersal are most common food fishes • Pelagic includes large and small pelagic • Large pelagic • Tuna, mackerel, billfish • Small pelagics • Sardinellas, anchovies, scads • Shellfish includes shrimp, crabs, lobsters, squids, cuttlefish, jellyfish Marine Fisheries

  22. Zone I - 0 -12 n. miles-Provincial jurisdiction (Reserved for traditional small scale fishermen of Sindh and Balochistan Province) Zone-II (Buffer Zone) 12-20 n. miles Federal Jurisdiction No restriction on fishing by traditional small scale fishermen Zone III - 20- 200 n.milesFederal Jurisdiction (exploited by deep sea fishing vessels, stern trawlers, and tuna long liners) No restriction on fishing by traditional small scale fishermen Marine Fishing Zones

  23. COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT MARINE FISHES OF PAKISTAN

  24. COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT SHELLFISHES OF PAKISTAN

  25. FISH PRODUCTION OF PAKISTAN

  26. MARINE FISH PRODUCTION

  27. Effect of Climate Change on fish

  28. When the surrounding water warms up, metabolism speeds up Digest food more rapidly, Grow more quickly Have more energy to reproduce. But fish need more food and more oxygen to support this higher metabolism. Warmer fish tend to mature more quickly, This speedy lifestyle is often a smaller body size and a smaller brood. Effects of Climate Change on fish

  29. Expansion and/or contraction of suitable habitats • Shifts in the distribution of fish stocks through • Changes in migratory circuits that connect life stages • Affecting successful completion of the life cycle • Affecting successful recruitment Impacts of Climate Change on habitats of fish

  30. Climate is now recognized as a major factor affecting the productivity of key species in world fisheries. • Following changes in commercially and ecologically important marine fish species at organismal-level & population-level • Growth • reproductive success • Mortality • Habitat Impact of Climate Change on fisheries

  31. Declines in fisheries will have massive impacts on • Commercial fishing, • Tourism • Biodiversity. Impacts of decline of fish stocks on other important matters

  32. The extent of climate-driven changes will be mediated by the capacity for individual species (or populations) to adapt to changes in important abiotic and biotic factors. • Adaptations could include • changes in the important life history events (e.g., migration, spawning) and/or • physiological changes (e.g., thermal reaction norms of key traits such as growth, increased tolerance to lowered pH/ocean acidification). Possible adaptations of fish due to Climate Change warming

  33. As global warming continues, the pressure on fish populations will increase due to following • Overfishing • Pollution • habitat loss • Although slightly warmer water could be tolerated by man, its effect on fish and aquatic ecosystems, and ultimately on the global food supply and economic stability, could be severe. Other impacts

  34. Many fish that cannot find a local solution are already heading towards the poles as the water becomes too warm. Naturally, when fish find themselves in hot water, they head out in search of cooler locales. As global temperatures rise, some fish may be able to shift locally – by moving deeper or by heading upriver towards cool headwaters. Climate Change puts fish on the run

  35. Fish that can tolerate heat will become much more common. The fish that stay around will also have to deal with new species that enter in to their niche Problems faced by fish due to migration to warm waters

  36. Fisheries resources may become less predictable as extreme weather hits more often. Events like the El Niño might cause a greater impact on warm water fisheries and reef fisheries. Many fisheries resources will permanently shift location as water temperatures rise. Large, commercial fleets that can follow the fisheries may not be as strongly affected as local, small-scale fishermen, Small scale fishermen will have to adapt their gear and methods, travel further, and fish longer to continue providing enough food for their families and local markets. How will fisheries change?

  37. Climate Change and Coastal communities

  38. The Layers of the Atmosphere The ozone layer, which protects us from harmful radiation, is part of the stratosphere.

  39. The Greenhouse Effect Natural greenhouse effect Enhanced greenhouse effect Diagrams adapted from: http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/science/faq/page5.html

  40. CLIMATE CHANGE: CAUSESarth’s climate to change? • Changes in the atmosphere • Natural processes • Volcanoes • Tectonic plate movement • Changes in the sun • Human activities – any activity that releases “greenhouse gases” into the atmosphere

  41. Global Mean Temperature(140 year record) Combined annual land-surface air and sea surface temperature anomalies (C°) 1861 to 2000 relative to 1961 and 1990. Two standard error uncertainties are shown as bars on the annual number.

  42. 1,000 Year Temperature and Instrumental Data • 1.0 • 0.5 • 0.0 • 0.5 • -1 .0 Northern Hemisphere anomaly (°C) Relative to 1961 to 1990 mean 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Year

  43. Global warming refers to the gradual increase of the Earth’s temperature because of energy trapped by the Earth’s atmosphere • The retention of the heat by the atmosphere is called the greenhouse effect. • Greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations are increasing • GHGs affect the climate system • World average temperature has risen relatively fast over the past 30 years • Sea-level rise is gradually accelerating • Many temperature-sensitive systems/processes have changed over the past two decades Climate Change

  44. Heat, in the form of short wave infrared radiation is received by the Earth from the sun • This heat is reflected back out into space in the form of long-wave infrared radiation. • As long as this energy input-output exchange is in equilibrium, we stay the same temperature (globally) • If something alters it, we either heat up or cool down. How the Greenhouse effect works

  45. Permanentgases in the atmosphere by percent are: • Nitrogen 78.1% • Oxygen 20.9% • (Note that these two permanent gases together comprise 99% of the atmosphere) • Other permanent gases: • Argon 0.9% • Neon 0.002% • Helium 0.0005% • Krypton 0.0001% • Hydrogen 0.00005% Permanentgases

  46. Variable gases in the atmosphere and typical percentage values are: • Water vapor 0 to 4% • Carbon Dioxide 0.035% • Methane 0.0002% • Ozone 0.000004% • CFC’s (not naturally occurring) Variable gases in the atmosphere

  47. Several gases act as heat sinks in the atmosphere • CO2 • CFCs • Methane • Water vapor Greenhouse Gases

More Related