PROPERTIES OF WATER (Part 2)

1. PROPERTIES OF WATER(Part 2)

2. Water is the ONLYsubstance on Earth that is naturally found in all threestates! LIQUID SOLID GAS glacier ocean water vapor

3. IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT WATER ON EARTH • About ____of our planet is water! • About ____ of the water on Earth is ______ _______! • ONLY _______ of the water on Earth is __________ • MOST OF EARTH’S FRESH WATER IS ___________! • ~ ________ ______ ____ of the fresh water on Earth is UNFROZEN and available for humans to use!

4. Water is able to absorbheatwithoutalargechangeintemperature. This is why people can cool off in the water at a beach or pool even though the land is very hot. 6) Water has a very HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT. The water has been heated just as long as the sand, but is NOT getting hot quickly. The man & the sand are getting very hot very quickly.

5. Large bodies of water, like oceans, act to moderate the climate of the surrounding land by: HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT (continued!) • Slowlyabsorbing heat in the summer. • ~so the water stays cooler than the land! • Slowlyreleasing heat in the winter. • ~so the water stays warmer than the land Because of this, the climate near large bodies of water is slightly milder(less extreme temperatures) than areas that are not near large bodies of water.

6. If you compare the predicted temperatures each day for HAMPTON and RICHMOND…. IN THE WINTER: Being near the water keeps HAMPTON warmer than inland cities, like Richmond, because the wateris warmerthantheland! HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT (continued!) 36oF 42oF

7. If you compare the predicted temperatures each day for HAMPTON and RICHMOND…. IN THE SUMMER: Being nearthewater keeps HAMPTON COOLER than inland cities, like Richmond, because the water iscoolerthantheland! HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT (continued!) 86oF 79oF

8. This is unusual because most matter contracts (takes up less space) when it is frozen. Because waterexpandswhenfrozen, it is less dense than liquid water. (ICE contains FEWERmolecules than water in the sameamountofspace.) 7) Water EXPANDS (takes up more space) when it is FROZEN. floating iceberg This is why ICEFLOATSINWATER!!!

9. This is called ICE WEDGINGor FROST WEDGING Freezing water can breakrockthrough the process of freezingandthawing (PHYSICALweathering). 7) Water EXPANDS when FROZEN(continued) FREEZING & THAWING WATER ROCK Water melts and contracts during the day, then freezes & EXPANDS at night, pushing rock and pavement apart! This is also why sidewalkscrack & why we get potholes in roads!

10. Water can also cause CHEMICAL WEATHERING through acidrain. • ACIDRAIN happens when water mixes with dissolved gases in the air. • When it rains, acid rain causes the minerals in rocks to be changed, leading to the breaking down of the rock. • Concrete, limestone, and marble are often broken down by chemical weathering. before after

11. Because water is a polar molecule, it can climb the walls of a small tube (traveling against gravity). We call this _________ _________. 2) Water is very ________ “sticky” because it is a polar molecule. QUIZ! If you were a polar molecule, you would have a ____________ end and a _____________ end. • Which property of water causes ice wedging? 5) Which property of water makes it enjoyable to jump into the water at a beach or pool in the summer? 6) Why is the climate of Hampton milder than the climate of Richmond?

12. 7) Because water can cause MANY substances to dissolve,it is called the _________ _________. QUIZ! 8) Water has a strong surface tension because _______. 9) If you were a tiny insect, which property of water would allow you to “walk on water”? 10) Which substance on our planet is the only one naturally found in all three states of matter?