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Properties of Water

Properties of Water. Friday, January 3, 2020. Composition of Water. Each molecule of water contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom (H 2 O). The hydrogen atoms both attach to one side of the oxygen atom, so a molecule of water has a very familiar shape…. 1. Composition of Water.

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Properties of Water

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  1. Properties of Water Friday, January 3, 2020

  2. Composition of Water • Each molecule of water contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom (H2O). • The hydrogen atoms both attach to one side of the oxygen atom, so a molecule of water has a very familiar shape…

  3. 1. Composition of Water • Because of its shape, water is often called the “Mickey Mouse molecule”. H H O

  4. Polarity of Water • Water is formed by covalent bonds. • The hydrogen atoms each need an additional electron to have two valence electrons. • The oxygen atom needs two electrons to have eight valence electrons. • If they share, then all of the atoms are stable. H (1 valence) H (1 valence) O (6 valence)

  5. Polarity of Water • Because of oxygen’s larger nucleus, it holds the electrons (-) closer to it. • This makes one end of a water molecule have a positive charge and the other end have a negative charge. • This is known as a polar molecule. Positive H+ H+ O- Negative

  6. Effective Solvent • A solvent is a liquid that can dissolve other substances. • Because it is a polar molecule, water is able to dissolve many substances such as salts, sugars, alcohols, acids, and so on.

  7. Hydrogen Bonding • Because they are polar, water molecules cling to each other. • The hydrogen atom of one water molecule is attracted to the negative region of another, forming hydrogen bonds. • These bonds are weak, but do allow water to do some pretty amazing things…

  8. Cohesion • Cohesion is where molecules of the same kind cling together. • Cohesive forces between water molecules make it seem as if there is a “skin” at the top.

  9. Adhesion • Adhesion is the attractive force between unlike substances. • Because of adhesion and cohesion, water can actually climb up against gravity in narrow tubes such as the stem of a plant or the fibers of a paper towel. • This movement is called capillary action.

  10. Heat Capacity • It takes a tremendous amount of energy to change the temperature of water. • It takes 10 times as much energy to raise the temperature of water as it does iron. • Water will also hold on to its heat for a long time- it cools off slowwwwly.

  11. Heat Capacity • Water’s high heat capacity means that organisms can maintain homeostasis easier. • The water in their bodies resists changing temperature as the outside rises/lowers. • This helps keep their bodies’ temperature more stable.

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