4.4 The French and Indian War

1. 4.4 The French and Indian War The Seven Years War

2. The British Take Action • Early Advantage to the French • Due to the fact that many Native Americans were on there side • The war raged from late 1750 and early 1760s • This was part of a greater struggle between England & France • For control of world trade • Power of the seas • France built many well-armed forts along the great lakes • With the vast alliances with the native Americans

3. The British Take Action • Braddock Marches to Duquesne • In June 1755, Braddock set out from Virginia • He had about 1,400 red-coated British soldiers and a small number of blue-coated militias. • George Washington – aides • Took army several weeks to get through a forest to Ft. Duquesne. • Braddock’s army marching style was not good. They were easy targets to the enemies. • Nat. Am paired with the French to take out the British. • They confused the British and hid behind them. • British – defeated. Braddock – killed.

4. The British Take Action • Braddock Marches to Duquesne • Washington then led the survivors back to Virginia.

5. The British- Take Action • Britain Declares War on France -News of Braddocks defeat reached London -Britain declares war on France -Seven Years War-1756 • French, British, & Spanish forces clash -In Cuba, West Indies, India, Phillipines, North America, & Europe • First years of war disastrous -Several British forces captured by French troops - Killed settlers burned farmhouses & crops, and drove families to coast

6. The British- Take Action • Britain Declares War on France - French forces from Canada capture British forces at Lake Ontario and Lake Georgia.

7. The British Take Action • Pitt Takes Charge • William Pitt is the secretary of state and then a prime minister • British raised taxes ( to pay debt) • Jeffery Amherst and James Wolfe were the leaders of the British troops to North America • Fort Duquesne was later renamed Fort Pitt

8. The Fall of New France • The Battle of Quebec • Quebec • Was thought the be impossible to attack • Perched on a cliff • Overlooking St. Lawrence River James Wolfe • September 1759 • Found a way to attack Quebec • A scout spotted a path poorly guarded • A backway up the cliff The Battle • Br. Troops assembled and guarded the fortress of Quebec

9. The Fall of New France • The Battle of Quebec • Fought on the plains of Abraham • Defeated the Fr. • James Wolfe died in battle • Marquis de Montcalm died the next day from a wound

10. The Fall of New France • The Treaty of Paris • 1763 • France keeps sugar-producing in West Indies • Had to give land east of the Mississippi R. to Gr. Br. • Gr. Br. Gained FL. from Spain • Treaty of Paris ended Fr. Rule in N.A. • Gr. Br. And Spain ruled N.A. • Boundary was the Mississippi R.

11. Trouble on the Frontier • Pontiac’s War • Chief Pontiac of an Ottawa village near Detroit wanted to unite the Nat. Am. to fight the Br. • They were threatening his way of life • So he put together an alliance • That summer they killed settlers on the Pennsylvania and Virginia frontiers • In 1765 the British won the war • A year later Pontiac signed a peace treaty and was pardoned

12. Trouble on the Frontier • The Proclamation of 1763 • Tried to keep the peace • Prevented the settlement by the British west of the Appalachians • Speculators were upset b/c they already bought the land • Area of tension between the colonists and G.B.