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Understanding Meiosis: Prelude to Reproduction

Explore meiosis, chromatin, chromosome structure, homologous pairs, and more. Understand the stages, differences from mitosis, and simple inheritance concepts.

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Understanding Meiosis: Prelude to Reproduction

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  1. Meiosis-A prelude to reproduction

  2. I. Terminology • A. karyotype • 1. human 46 chromosomes • 2. homologous pairs • 3. diploid condition • 4. note various sizes and shapes

  3. B. Chromatin • 1. 1.8 meters • 2. DNA • 3. exists in a non-dividing cell

  4. 100µm (b) C. Relationship between chromatin and chromosome • 1. chromatin • 2. chromosomes • 3. histone proteins • 4. nucleosome

  5. D. Terms of chromosome structure • 1. Monad • 2. Dyad • 3. Centromere • 4. Sister chromatids

  6. E. Homologous chromosome pairs • 1. definition • 2. paternal vs. maternal • 3. genes vs. alleles • 4. synapsis • 5. tetrad • 6. sister vs. nonsister chromatids

  7. How many chromosomes do you see? • 4 • 8 • 10 • No clue Enter answer text...

  8. II. Review of mitosis • A. Prophase • B. Metaphase • C. Anaphase • D. Telophase • E. Products

  9. III. Meiosis overview • A. Importance? • B. Two separate divisions • Meiosis I reduction division • Meiosis II “mitotic-like” division • C. Where does it occur? D. What does meiosis produce?

  10. IV. Meiosis I • A. Prophase I • B. Metaphase I • C. Anaphase I • D. Telophase I • E. End products

  11. V. Meiosis II • A. Prophase II • B. Metaphase II • C. Anaphase II • D. Telophase II • E. Final products

  12. VI. Comparison between mitosis and meiosis

  13. VII. Meiosis and simple inheritance • A. Sex determination • 1. autosomes • 2. sex chromosomes • 3. products of meiosis • 4. nature of sperm determines sex • 5. sex ratios

  14. B. Inheritance of somatic traits • 1. Theory of particulate inheritance • 2. Each body trait is affected by two alleles • 3. One inherited from father and other from mother • 4. Two factors separate upon gamete formation during meiosis • 5. Terms of inheritance a. dominant b. recessive c. genotype d. phenotype

  15. 6. Inheritance of eye color • a. Dominant allele produces pigment (E) • b. Recessive allele produces no pigment (e) • c. Possible genotypes • d. Resulting phenotypes

  16. 7. Sample problem • In humans, freckles are dominant to no freckles. Mary, who has no freckles, is planning on having children with Paul. Paul, who has freckles, was born to a freckless woman. Mary wants to know the probability of her in utero son has of having freckles. • How do we start? • List the symbols to be used to represent the alleles. • What is the mother’s phenotype? Genotype? • What is the father’s phenotype? What does his genotype have to be? • What alleles are carried in the eggs and sperm of the couple? • Create the punnett square. • What will be the name of the son which is not born yet?

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