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A Framework for Government. Key Features of the Constitution. The Great Compromise 2 Houses: House of Representatives (based on population) Senate (equal representation) Three-Fifths Compromise Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person for both representation and tax purposes. Ratification.
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Key Features of the Constitution • The Great Compromise • 2 Houses: • House of Representatives (based on population) • Senate (equal representation) • Three-Fifths Compromise • Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person for both representation and tax purposes
Ratification • Nine out of 13 states had to approve the Constitution • Federalists: supporters of the Constitution (Alexander Hamilton, James Madison) • Anti-Federalists: wanted to add a Bill of Rights to protect individual states’ rights (Thomas Jefferson) • The Federalist: • collection of 85 essays that summarized the arguments for immediate ratification • written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay
The New Constitution Called For… • Popular Sovereignty: rule by the people • Federalism: power divided between federal (national) government and the states • Separation of Powers: power divided among 3 branches of government • Executive • Judicial • Legislative
It Also Called For… • Checks and Balances: each branch of government has the ability to limit the power of the other branches to prevent them from becoming too powerful
George Washington • Elected as 1st President of the United States • Task = take the words of the Constitution and turn them into an effective U.S. government • Needed a cabinet to help with Presidential responsibilities • Thomas Jefferson: Sec. of State • Alexander Hamilton: Treasury Department • Henry Knox: Sec. of War
Financing the Government • Tariff of 1789: required importers to pay a percentage of the value of their cargo when they landed it in the U.S • Sold Bonds to pay for Revolutionary War • paper notes promising to repay money after a certain length of time with interest • Alexander Hamilton proposed the creation of a national bank so Congress could manage its debts and issue paper money • Bank of the United States established in 1791 for a 20 year period
The Whiskey Rebellion • In 1791, Hamilton urged Congress to pass a tax on the manufacture of whiskey • The tax enraged farmers who often used whiskey to pay their debts • In 1794, rebellion erupted in western Pennsylvania • Farmers terrorized tax collectors, stopped court proceedings, robbed the mail and destroyed whiskey distilleries
The Whiskey Rebellion cont. • In August 1794, President Washington sent 15,000 troops to crush the Whiskey Rebellion • Significance: showed the power of the Federal government and the strength of Washington’s presidency
Washington’s Foreign Policy • Shortly after Washington’s inauguration, French Revolution began in France • War spread to Great Britain, who fought against the French • Americans were divided over how to react, but Washington stated that the United States would remain “friendly” and “impartial” towards both powers = NON-INTERVENTION
Federalists Led by Alexander Hamilton Favored strong national government Loose interpretation of the Constitution Wanted to put power in hands of the wealthy Democratic- Republicans Led by Thomas Jefferson Favored strong state governments Strict interpretation of the Constitution Power should be given to all landowners, regardless of wealth Rise of Political Parties
Practice Question • What did the Whiskey Rebellion show about George Washington? • He lacked the ability to forge foreign alliances • He was a strong president who was willing to use federal troops when necessary • He could not efficiently govern a nation because he was not well-respected • He strongly believed that political parties should govern the nation
Practice Question 2. The three-fifths compromise sought to prevent • States with high slave populations from dominating the House of Representatives • The Senate from becoming too powerful within the bicameral system • The Constitution from ultimately being ratified • Antifederalists from winning the debate over federalism
Practice Question 3. Limited government, a system of checks and balances, a separation of the powers in government, and government based on the will of the people, form the foundation for • Northwest Ordinance • United States Constitution • Articles of Confederation • Declaration of Independence