World War 1

1. World War 1 The War Abroad

2. Causes of The Great War M.A.N.I.A. Militarism Alliances (Secret and Entangling) Nationalism Imperialism Assassination

3. Militarism Policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war. The armies were huge! Had never seen armies this big before.

4. Alliances: Before the war

5. Entangling Alliances

6. Nationalism A country’s firm and excessive belief in its own economic, cultural and military supremacy. Think jingoism

8. Imperialism

9. Assassination Arriving in Sarajevo Minimal Security

10. The Black Hand Strikes The Assassination Funeral

11. The Dominoes Fall The Great War Begins

12. Domino Effect Austria Blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia Germany Pledged their support for Austria-Hungary Russia pledged their support for Serbia

13. Domino Effect Germany declares war on Russia France pledges their support for Russia Germany declares war on France Germany invades Belgium on the way to France Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany

14. Opening Moves Germany must strike fast and hard at France. Belgium is in the way

15. Germany Invades France, August 20, 1914

16. Battle of Mons, August 23, 1914 First battle of British and French together against the Germans. British and French under heavy fire from long-range German artillery. German army still outside of the range of the Allied forces Allied forces retreat for two weeks and 120 miles to the river Marne on the outskirts of Paris.

17. First battle of the Marne First time air reconnaissance and radio intercepts used in a major conflict French learned position of German army and called for reserves from Paris Soldiers were racing to the front using anything with wheels. Requisitioned taxis and buses. First extensive use of motorized transport. 5 Day Battle, force Germans to retreat

18. The Armies Dig In First Trenches dug September 15, 1914. Battle of Movement on the Western Front is over.

19. Trenches

25. Picture taken in 2011 of the trenches along the Somme River

27. Big Bertha

28. Inventions of War Flamethrowers Took two men to operate the first models

29. Chemical weapons

30. Tanks British invented the tank. The Mark IV was the first widely used model

31. German U-Boats Germany continued to sink American merchant vessels in the Atlantic despite Wilson’s warnings. Wilson asked Congress for authority to arm merchant ships in 1916 and a filibuster was used to block the approval

32. Zimmerman Telegram

33. Zimmerman Decoded

34. Here Comes the yanks America joins the war in April of 1917.

35. Small window of opportunity Germans needed to focus all efforts on one front and had one short season to win the war before the Americans joined Invented “Stosstrupp” tactics – Shock troopers. Small bands of men that could operate independently of the main army. Highly maneuverable and fast. Spring 1918, Germany’s last effort. MUST defeat the British and French before Americans reinforce.

36. Luderndorff Offensive Germans find weak point in British line west of Cambrai. March 21, 1918 Germans start bombardment of British at 4:40am Constant bombardment for 5 hours. 3000 shells launched per minute At 9:40 am – the war of movement begins again after 3 years. German infantry emerge from their trenches and Stosstrupp tactics begin. They advance through a fog and overrun the British. Took them by complete surprise. Advance 10 miles the first day Advance another 10 miles the second and third days 90,000 British POWs in 3 days

37. Ludendorff Offensive

38. Luderndorff Breaks Down Germans put Paris in the Cross hairs of their Krupps cannon and shell Paris First few days were such a huge success, Germans thought the war was basically over …….Almost Strosstrupp are cut off from supply lines and are starving The reach Amiens……don’t continue……They start to loot food and discipline falls apart German Advance stops at Albert and Amiens Forces the Allies to name one single general for ALL allied forces on March 26, 1918. General Foch

39. End of the War Americans reach the Western Front by the end of March. Bring men, weapons and supplies for the crumbling Allied forces. Last German offensive launched July 15th 1918. Huge losses. French hit back on the Marne and defeat the Germans. Between March and July of 1918, Germany loses one million men in battle Allies continue to push Germans back through out the summer Final surrender is November 11, 1918

40. Final Numbers

41. Luddendorff was asked why Germany lost the war…. He answered……. There are two reasons why we lost the war