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Enzymes

Enzymes. Honors Biology. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes. chemical reaction: . Chemical Reactions and Enzymes. chemical reaction: process that changes one set of compounds (reactants) into another set of compounds (products). Chemical Reactions and Enzymes.

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Enzymes

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  1. Enzymes Honors Biology

  2. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes chemical reaction:

  3. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes chemical reaction: process that changes one set of compounds (reactants) into another set of compounds (products)

  4. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes chemical reaction: process that changes one set of compounds (reactants) into another set of compounds (products) A. example: wood + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy

  5. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes chemical reaction: process that changes one set of compounds (reactants) into another set of compounds (products) A. example: wood + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy Reactants

  6. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes chemical reaction: process that changes one set of compounds (reactants) into another set of compounds (products) A. example: wood + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy Reactants Products

  7. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes B. example: carbon dioxide + water  glucose + oxygen

  8. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes B. example: carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen Reactants

  9. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes B. example: carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen Reactants Products

  10. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes B. example: carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen Reactants Products chemical equation: CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2

  11. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes B. example: carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen Reactants Products chemical equation: CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2 Reactants

  12. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes B. example: carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen Reactants Products chemical equation: CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2 Reactants Products

  13. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes II. The speed of a reaction depends on whether it releasesor absorbs energy. Activation energy Products Activation energy Reactants Products Reactants Energy Absorbing Energy Releasing

  14. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes • All reactions require some energy to start: activation energy.

  15. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes • All reactions require some energy to start: activation energy. • catalyst: substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

  16. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes • All reactions require some energy to start: activation energy. • catalyst: substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy Catalysts found in living things are called enzymes Enzymes are made of Proteins

  17. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes C. Enzymes • provide a site where the reactants of a chemical reaction can be brought together

  18. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes C. Enzymes • provide a site where the reactants of a chemical reaction can be brought together • are not used up or changed during the chemical reaction

  19. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes active site: part of the enzyme where the reactants bind (stick)

  20. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes active site: part of the enzyme where the reactants bind (stick) reactants: called substrate when they stick to the enzyme

  21. Chemical Reactions and Enzymes active site: part of the enzyme where the reactants bind (stick) reactants: called substrate when they stick to the enzyme • substrate only fits into the active site of the correct enzyme (like a key and lock)

  22. Labeled diagram: Enzyme Active Site Reactants

  23. III. How does an enzyme work?A. reactant binds to the enzyme Enzyme Reactant stuck to Active Site Active Site Reactants

  24. III. How does an enzyme work?A. Reactant binds to the enzyme Enzyme Reactant stuck to Active Site Active Site

  25. III. How does an enzyme work?B. reactants converted to product Enzyme Product Active Site

  26. III. How does an enzyme work?C. products are released – enzyme is free to bind new reactant Enzyme Product Active Site

  27. IV. Enzymes only work in specific conditions A. temperature: destroys the shape of the enzyme (protein) B. pH: changes the shape of the enzyme and its active site

  28. Temperature or pH Change: Enzyme Product Active Site No Product Made

  29. IV. Enzymes only work in specific conditions • C. inhibitor molecules: block reactant from entering active site

  30. Inhibitor Molecules: Enzyme Product Active Site No Product Made

  31. IV. Enzymes only work in specific conditions • D. coenzymes: make enzymes work better

  32. Enzyme: Peroxidase in liver cellsReactants: Hydrogen peroxide Enzyme Reactants Hydrogen Peroxide Active Site

  33. Enzyme: Peroxidase in liver cellsReactants: Hydrogen peroxide Enzyme Reactants Active Site

  34. Enzyme: Peroxidase in liver cellsProducts: Water and Oxygen Enzyme Product O2 H2O Active Site

  35. Enzyme: Peroxidase in liver cellsProducts: Water and Oxygen Enzyme More Hydrogen Peroxide Active Site O2 H2O Product

  36. Substrate Concentration The reaction rate increases until the enzymes become saturated with substrate, and a maximum rate is reached

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