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Spanish California: Exploration and Legacy in 16th Century America

Explore the significant Spanish influence in 16th century California, from early explorers like Estevanico and Coronado to the establishment of missions by Fr. Junípero Serra. Learn about the economic, political, and social dynamics that shaped Alta California, including resistance from indigenous populations and the impact of colonial rule. Discover the complex interactions between settlers, natives, and foreign powers, and the lasting legacy of Spanish culture on present-day California.

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Spanish California: Exploration and Legacy in 16th Century America

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  1. CH. 2 SPANISH CALIFORNIA

  2. “CALIFORNIA” • Spanish lit.

  3. Estevanico

  4. Coronado

  5. De Soto

  6. 16TH CENT • West

  7. CABRILLO • 1542 • San Miguel • First • Lit. interest

  8. DRAKE • English, 1579 • Negative • Too cold • Natives • Religious rituals • “ghosts” • Exchange

  9. Vizcaíno • 1602 • Renamed

  10. 160 yrs.+ • Spain: no more • Isolation • Low status

  11. SPANISH AMERICA • Economics- produce wealth • Convert natives • Centralized control: no-democracy • Difficult settle northern areas

  12. SPAIN • Politics+religion • Diff. perspectives

  13. José de Gálvez • King’s deputy (1765) • Russian threat • Colonize Alta CA • Unstable ? • Assisted U.S.?

  14. FRANCISCANS • Fr. JuníperoSerra • Discipline, sacrifice • Convert natives, acculturate them into settlers. • ?: missions

  15. Portolá

  16. “SACRED EXPEDITION” • First settlement • San Diego: July 16, 1769 • 21 missions

  17. PRESIDIO • Defense

  18. PUEBLO • Agricultural town • ?: food presidios • 3

  19. Felipe de Neve, 1781 • El pueblo de nuestra senora la reina de los angeles de rio de porciuncula • “our lady of the queen of angels” • “Los Angeles” • “Angeles” = city of angels?

  20. Alta CA: desolate • Early settlers: convicts • ?: Settlers urban, not rural • ignorance of area • CA Indians

  21. RACIAL HIERARCY • “rationals” • “irrationals”

  22. MISSIONS • Natives: happy, mission life preferred • Questionable

  23. Convert, save natives

  24. LIFE • Education • Punishment • Women • Assault

  25. RESISTANCE • Many resisted • Passive • violence

  26. MISSION? • Mission period: 75% decline • ??? • Agriculture • Indio labor

  27. PEOPLE • Majority: mixed • Half families L.A.: part African

  28. SOCIETY • Patriarchal • Scarce: Spanish women • Mixing • Rape, assault

  29. Family: core

  30. ALTA CA • Little devel. • 3000 non-Natives (1821) • Private rancho??

  31. POLITICS • Governor • Military • Towns • Local, self-gvt.

  32. ISOLATION • CA: fringe • Ex-soldiers, criminals

  33. Explore interior? • Mission Soledad (30 miles in) • Little inland

  34. FOREIGNERS • French • English • Observations?

  35. RUSSIANS • Nikolai Rezanov • S.F., 1806 • Concepcion Arguello, 15

  36. REBELLION • 1810-1821

  37. CAUSE? • Peninsulars vs. criolles • Indigenous oppression • Spanish legitimacy?

  38. Philosophy? Enlightenment • Other rebellions • Taxation

  39. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla • Criollo • Rebellious Priest • Children • “outcry against tyranny”

  40. Uprising: Sept 16, 1810 • Hidalgo: “Grito de Dolores” • Revolt commences!

  41. Republic of mexico (1821)

  42. CA • Oblivious rebellion • Backwater outpost

  43. Garrisons, military loyal Spain

  44. CA: 1810-1821 • Little comforts • - supplies from N. Spain • Presidios/pueblos vs. Missions

  45. SIGNIFICANCE? • Spanish culture into 19th • ….and today • Cities, architecture • Language

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