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Understanding Water Properties, Mixtures, and pH Scale

This overview explores the essential properties of water, including cohesion and adhesion, which explain how water molecules interact with each other and other substances. It details mixtures—both solutions and suspensions—highlighting their components and examples like saltwater and Italian salad dressing. Additionally, the content introduces acids and bases, explaining their pH scale ranging from 0 to 14. It clarifies the distinction between acidic and basic solutions, showcasing relevant examples to enhance understanding of these fundamental concepts in chemistry.

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Understanding Water Properties, Mixtures, and pH Scale

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  1. Ch. 2-2 Properties of Water

  2. Water Molecule • Cohesion – water molecules stick together • Adhesion – water molecules stick to other substances

  3. Mixture • Mixture – material composed of two or more elements or compounds • Mix together but do not chemically combine • Example – salt and pepper, cinnamon and sugar, air • Solutions and suspensions are mixtures

  4. Solutions • All components are evenly distributed • Solute – what is being dissolved • Solvent – what is dissolving • Example: Saltwater • What is the solvent? • What is the solute? • Example: Kool-aid • What is the solvent? • What are the solutes?

  5. Suspensions • Water and nondissolved material • Example: Italian salad dressing • What doesn’t dissolve? • Example: orange juice • What doesn’t dissolve?

  6. Acids, Bases, and pH • pH scale – measures how acidic or basic a solution is • Goes from 0-14 • Acids • 0-6.9 on the pH scale • When dissolved, form hydrogen (H+) ions • Example: HCl • Bases • 7.1 – 14 on the pH scale • When dissolved, form hydroxide (OH-) ions • Example: NaOH

  7. Acids, Bases, and pH • The pH scale indicates strength • The farther from 7, the stronger it is

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