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The Role of Hope in Student Affairs

The Role of Hope in Student Affairs. STAR-ND January 22, 2013 Connie Adams, M.S.W. Director Belles Against Violence Office Saint Mary’s College. Learning Objectives. Increase knowledge of hope theory

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The Role of Hope in Student Affairs

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  1. The Role of Hope in Student Affairs STAR-ND January 22, 2013 Connie Adams, M.S.W. Director Belles Against Violence Office Saint Mary’s College

  2. Learning Objectives • Increase knowledge of hope theory • Recognize the positive impact of hope in regard to goal attainment and overall well-being • Understand the implications of the level of hope held by student affairs professionals in the engagement and motivation of college students • Develop a better understanding of the potential applications of hope for student affairs professionals

  3. Motto of Holy Cross Ave, Crux! Spes Unica Hail the cross! Our only hope.

  4. “This conviction that the cross in whatever form, can be a source of life and hope [is] an encouraging message […] Transformation is always possible; there is always cause for hope.” Giallanza, J. (2010). Praying from the heart of Holy Cross spirituality. Ave Maria Press.

  5. The Power of Hope • Research indicates that hope accounts for variance over and above self-efficacy, optimism, and locus of control with regard to: • Pain tolerance • Problem-focused coping • Well-being • Mental health symptoms • Academic effort investment • Quality of life Feldman, D. B., Rand, K. L., and Kahle-Wrobleski, K. (2009). Hope and goal attainment: Testing a basic prediction of hope theory.

  6. Understanding Hope • Optimism – a general outcome expectancy that good things will happen • Power of hope is “an untapped source of strength and healing” (Menninger, 1959) • Hope reflects a perception, not necessarily a reality • Hope does not guarantee the attainment of goals Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the Mind. Psychological Inquiry 13: 4.; (Snyder, C.R. et al. (2002). Hope and academic success in college. Journal of Educational Psychology 94:4.)

  7. Hopeful Goals • Four categories: • Approach goals – moving toward a desired outcome • Forestalling negative outcome goals – deterring or delaying unwanted occurrences • Maintenance goals – sustaining the status quo • Enhancement goals – augmenting an already positive outcome Cheavens, J.S. et al. (2006). Hope in cognitive psychotherapies on working with client strengths. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 20: 2.

  8. Hope Theory • Developed by Charles R. Snyder and colleagues (1991) • Definition: “The perceived capability to derive pathways to desired goals, and motivate oneself via agency thinking to use those pathways” • Central tenet: “Hope drives successful goal pursuit and attainment” Feldman, D. B., Rand, K. L., and Kahle-Wrobleski, K. (2009). Hope and goal attainment: Testing a basic prediction of hope theory.

  9. Hope Theory • A positive motivational state that is based on an interactively derived sense of successful goal-directed energy (agency) and planning to meet goals (pathways) (Snyder, Irving, & Anderson, 1991) Feldman, D. B., Rand, K. L., and Kahle-Wrobleski, K. (2009). Hope and goal attainment: Testing a basic prediction of hope theory.

  10. Pathways and Agency Thinking • Pathways – cognitive routes to goals • Agency – “the thoughts that people have regarding their ability to begin and continue movement on selected pathways” • Agency is a more influential component of hope theory Feldman, D. B., Rand, K. L., and Kahle-Wrobleski, K. (2009). Hope and goal attainment: Testing a basic prediction of hope theory.; Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the Mind. Psychological Inquiry 13: 4.

  11. Hope Theory Model Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the Mind. Psychological Inquiry 13: 4.

  12. Hope and goal attainment reciprocally influence one another • Individuals adjust their hopes as they experience success or failure • Hope flourishes under probabilities of intermediate goal attainment • Emotions establish our position in relation to our environment Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the Mind. Psychological Inquiry 13: 4.

  13. Levels of Hope Low-hope Persons High-hope Persons • Perpetuate negative self-talk • Experience negative emotions and demonstrate apprehension toward action • Will likely generate fewer goals • Difficulty selecting, prioritizing, and articulating routes as well as producing alternative routes • All or nothing thinking • Vague goals without clear markers • Become frustrated by goal pursuit • Slower to rebound if goal is not attained • Embrace agency self-talk • Enjoy goal pursuit and are energized by challenges • Pursue goals with positive emotions • Quicker to reenergize • Will likely generate more goals • Able to articulate larger goals and sub-goals to feasibly pursue attainment • Select good routes, especially in cases involving stress and goal impediment • Can produce plausible alternative routes • Able to draw from positive memories Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the Mind. Psychological Inquiry 13: 4.; Snyder, C. R. et al. (2003) Hope theory, measurements, and applications to school psychology. School Psychology Quarterly, 18: 2.

  14. The Impact of Hope Research documents higher hope leads to: • Better academic performance • Better athletic performance • Enhanced psychological adjustment • Improved coping with physical illness • Greater sense of life meaning • Likelihood of finding benefit in adversity Feldman, D. B., Rand, K. L., and Kahle-Wrobleski, K. (2009). Hope and goal attainment: Testing a basic prediction of hope theory.

  15. Why is Hope Beneficial? • Increases flexibility • Supports persistence despite stressful conditions • Improves ability to find and use multiple pathways • Improves motivation level • Increases likelihood to complete tasks and follow through with commitments • Improves ability to maintain focus • Decreases self-deprecatory thinking and counterproductive negative emotions • Enhances views about interpersonal relationships Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the Mind. Psychological Inquiry 13: 4.

  16. Hope versus Hopelessness • Hopelessness – a system of negative expectancies concerning one’s self and future • According to Beck et al. (1974), “a system of cognitive schemas whose common denomination is negative expectations about the future” • Hope – positive outcome expectancies and individuals’ expectancies about whether or not they will be able to influence these outcomes

  17. Our Impact through Hope Good news: Hope is learned! Snyder, C. R. (2002) Hope theory: Rainbows in the Mind. Psychological Inquiry 13: 4.

  18. Question and Answer Session

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