NEAR EAST

2. NEAREAST a breeding ground for terrorism

3. Outline • what is terrorism • types > efficiency > reason • Near East: a breeding ground for terrorism • background • situation between Palestine and Israel • poverty > deficiency of democracy • Intifada I + II > role of religion • perceptions and feelings • what to do against terrorism

4. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israel what to do against terrorism terrorism (1/4) • thereis no global definition of terrorism • a “terrorist” for one could be a “freedom-fighter” for another • spread of fear and destruction to achieve political or ideological goals

5. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism types of terrorism (2/4) • confused individuals • revolutionary groups (e.g. RAF) • ethnic minorities (e.g. PKK) • religious extremists (e.g. Al-Qaida)

6. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism efficiency of terrorism (3/4) • they want political effect • destroy infrastructure • kill people • rely on media

7. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism reason of terrorism (4/4) • poverty • societies divided into poor and rich • suffering can turn into violence • it must not, but it can

8. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism reason of terrorism (4/4) • deficiency of democracy • basic rights are not provided • use of harsh violence • democracy tries to solve, dictatorship tries to suppress problems

9. reason of terrorism (4/4) mobilisation organiser: upper-class performer: middle-class use of conflicts as enhancer* identification with certain groups > *enhancer - Verstärker What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism

10. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism reason of terrorism (4/4) • role of religion • non-secular*, invokes* God • cohesion + discrimination • against assimilation > *secular- weltlich | *to invoke sth - sich berufen auf

13. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israel what to do against terrorism background • 1920: Palestine became mandated territory of GB after WWI • 1922: GB assured to create a Jewish country in Palestine • 1947: UN decided to create Palestine and Israel • Arabic states did not accept Israel

14. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israel what to do against terrorism

15. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism Poverty (1/7) • 70 % of Palestinian live in poverty • 220.000 families need international help • 1 of 5 children is undernourished* • military attacks, destroyed infrastructure, frozen tax-money • reduction of European help after 2006 > *undernourished - unterernährt

16. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism • 7 times more investment in West-Jerusalem than in East-Jerusalem (occupied since 1967)

17. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism

18. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism deficiency of democracy (2/7) • no real regime in Palestine • PLO was founded in 1964 • 1996: first election of parliament and president • 2006: extremist Hamas party was elected

19. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism Intifada I + II (3/7) • Arabic word : “stand up” • first Intifada was in year 1987 • second Intifada was in year 2000 • over 1500 Palestinian and 525 Israeli died

20. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism Israeli settlements in West Bank (4/7) • after 1967 : forced settlements in West Bank • settlements violate international law (Geneva Convention, Article 49/2)

21. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism

22. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism Palestinian refugees (5/7) • 1948: 700 000 refugees fled out of Israel • 1967: 350 000 refugees fled out of West Bank • fled to other Arabic countries

23. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism role of religion (6/7) • also a conflict about Jerusalem: Wailing Wall, Holy Sepulchre*, Al-Aqsa Mosque • Jerusalem should be a neutral enclave after UN >*Holy Sepulchre - Grabeskirche

24. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Wailing Wall

25. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism Palestinian perception (7/7) • Arabs denied state Israel already in 1947 • 80 % think violence must go on • 46 % consider a new Palestine including Gaza and West bank • 46 % consider a new Palestine including Israel

26. What is terrorismNear EastPalestine and Israelwhat to do against terrorism Israeli perception (7/7) • Israel = promised land • settle down and establish a new community • Arabic states and suicide attacks cause a threat

27. a solution is due* now ! >*due - fällig

28. What´s terrorismNear EastPalestine & Israelwhat to do against terrorism fight against terrorism • uniform definition of terrorism • need of international policy • improve social development • need to spread democracy

29. further information DVD: PARADISE NOW Two Palestinian man are sent to Israel to execute a suicide attack, but then something happens which no one ever considered…

30. thanks pictures by Steve Bent, a photograph of the Sunday Times of London. Currently he is in Iraq. He allowed me to use his pictures for a non-commercial purpose in my presentation today. Herewith, I want to thank him for this. > *http://homepage.mac.com/stevebent13/Menu2.html - special thanks to Felix T. and Lisa T. for their support -

31. sources Terrorism • Terrorismus – Kai Hirschmann, eva | Sabine Groeneworld Verlag • Die sinnlose Gewalt – Caleb Carr, Heyne Velag • http://www.jochen-hippler.de Near East • “Information zur politischen Bildung” • http://www.aref.de/kalenderblatt/mehr/israel-nahostkonflikt.htm • http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~ijones/Palestine.html • http://www.netzpunkt.de/konflikt/palaestina/land.htm

32. thank you for your attention