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Cellular Pathology in 30 minutes

Learn the role of cellular pathologists in diagnosing diseases from human tissue samples through macroscopy, microscopy, and specialized techniques. Explore inflammation, tumors, healing, and more in this concise overview.

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Cellular Pathology in 30 minutes

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  1. Cellular Pathology in 30 minutes Dr Paul Matthews September 2010

  2. Dr Freddy Patel Mr Ian Tomlinson

  3. What is a cellular pathologist/histopathologist? • Doctors • Make diagnoses and prognoses on human tissue • Autopsy • Surgical Resections • Small biopsies e.g. endoscopy • Tiny samples e.g. fine needle aspirate cytology

  4. How do they do that? • Macroscopy – naked eye • Microscopy – light • Funky stuff – immunochemistry, in situ hybridisation, PCR, flow cytometry

  5. What sort of diagnoses? • Broad categories • Pathological process • Not all require a biopsy diagnosis • BUT…….

  6. Pathological Processes • Inflammation • Acute • Chronic • Healing • Thrombosis and Embolisation • Atheroma • Tissue adaptations • Tumours

  7. Inflammation • Chanting is IMPORTANT!!! • Tumor, Rubor, Calor, Dolor!! • Tumor, Rubor, Calor, Dolor!! • Tumor, Rubor, Calor, Dolor!! • Tumor, Rubor, Calor, Dolor!! • Swelling, Redness, Heat, Pain!! • Acute and Chronic (short and long time)

  8. Acute Inflammation

  9. Acute Inflammation • Dilated Vessels • Leaky vessels • Neutrophils • Tumor, Rubor, Calor, Dolor!! • Common examples; acute appendicitis, acute gastritis, pneumonia.

  10. Chronic Inflammation • Lymphocytes • Macrophages • Many causes e.g. infections, auto-immunity, idiopathic.

  11. Chronic Inflammation

  12. Healing and Repair • Granulation Tissue • Blood Vessels • Connective Tissue and Cells • Regeneration • Scarring

  13. Granulation Tissue

  14. Thrombosis and Embolism • Thrombosis: Formation of a blood clot within a closed vessel during life. • Embolism: Mass, mobile in vascular system, capable of blocking vessel.

  15. Thrombosis

  16. Embolism

  17. Atheroma • Hardening of the arteries • Heart Attacks • Strokes • Gangrenous Limbs • Gangrenous Guts

  18. Atheroma

  19. Adaptations • Stress Tissues e.g. more work, physical trauma? • What do they do?

  20. Adaptations

  21. Tumours • New Growth (Neoplasia) • Tissue growth out of sync with adjacent tissue. • Benign; Stays in the same place • Malignant; Invades locally and spreads to distant sites (metastasis)

  22. Benign Breast Tumour: Fibroadenoma

  23. Malignant Breast Tumour; Breast Carcinoma

  24. Metastases

  25. Metastases

  26. Summary • Cellular/Histopathologists • Diagnosis/Prognosis on Tissue Samples • Pathological Processes • Importance of Chanting!! • T…., R…., C…., D….. • Questions?

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