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Blood Types

Learn about the four major blood types - A, B, AB, and O - and how they are inherited. Discover the importance of antigens, antibodies, and the Rh factor in blood compatibility. Explore common blood disorders such as anemia, aplastic anemia, polycythemia, sickle cell anemia, embolism, thrombosis, hematoma, multiple myeloma, contusion, hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, and leukemia. Find out about the potential of cord blood in stem cell transplantation. Test your knowledge with an interactive blood typing game.

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Blood Types

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  1. Blood Types A B AB O

  2. Four major types of blood . • A, B, AB, and O. • Inherited from parents. • Determined by presence or absence of an ANTIGEN on the surface of the red blood cell

  3. Universal DonorO Antigens • Blood protein • Located on the surface of the red blood cell. • Either the person has it or doesn’t have on the blood cell. • Someone with type A blood have the A antigen, Someone with type B blood have the B antigen, type AB has both A and B antigen, and type O has neither of the antigens Universal Recipient AB

  4. Antibody – a protein in the plasma that will inactivate a foreign substance that enters the body Punnet t square • Someone with type A blood has b antibodies • Someone with type B blood has a antibodies • Someone with type AB blood has no antibodies • Someone with type O blood has a and b antibodies.

  5. Red Cells Also may Contain Rh factor • If you have it, you’re Rh + • If you don’t, you’re Rh – • When an Rh- mother is pregnant with an Rh+ baby, the baby’s blood (usually during delivery) can mix with the mom’s blood, causing the mom’s blood to make anti Rh antibodies.

  6. If the mom gets pregnant again with another Rh+ positive baby, her anti Rh antibodies will attack the baby’s blood, causing Erythroblastosis Fetalis • RHO Gam will destroy any baby blood cells in the mom, and her immune system won’t produce antibodies. • Cord blood has immunity producing stem cells, is easy to transplant, and does not cause rejection That is why research is being done on umbilical cord blood.

  7. Anemia Deficiency in number or % of red blood cells. Iron Deficiency Anemia Usually in women, children and adolescents Deficiency of iron in the diet causing insufficient hemoglobin synthesis Treat with iron supplements and green, leafy vegetables Disorder of the Blood…

  8. Aplastic Anemia Bone marrow does not produce enough red and white blood cells Caused by drugs or radiation therapy Polycythemia • Too many red blood cells are formed. • May be a temporary condition that occurs at high altitude.

  9. Sickle Cell Anemia Chronic blood disease inherited from both parents Causes the red cells to form in abnormal sickle shape Sickle cells break easily and carry less oxygen Occurs primarily in African Americans Treatment – blood transfusion

  10. Embolism • Air, blood clot , cancer cells, fat, etc. that is carried by the bloodstream until it reaches an artery too small for passage • Also known as a “moving blood clot”

  11. Thrombosis • The formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel • The blood clot is a THROMBUS

  12. Hematoma • Localized clotted mass of blood found in an organ tissue or space. • Caused by an injury that can cause a blood vessel to rupture.

  13. Multiple Myeloma Multiple myeloma is a cancer that begins in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell. These cells are part of your immune system, which helps protect the body from germs and other harmful substances. In time, myeloma cells collect in the bone marrow and in the solid parts of bones.

  14. Doctors diagnose multiple myeloma using lab tests, imaging tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Your treatment depends on how advanced the disease is and whether you have symptoms. If you have no symptoms, you may not need treatment right away. If you have symptoms, you may have chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, radiation, or targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses substances that attack cancer cells without harming normal cells.

  15. Contusion An injury in which the skin is not broken; a bruise.

  16. Hemophilia • Hereditary • Missing clotting factor • Blood clots slow or abnormally • Sex linked – transmitted genetically from mothers to sons • Treat with missing clotting factor, avoid trauma.

  17. Thrombocytopenia Not enough platelets Blood will not clot properly Leukemia Malignant condition Overproduction of immature white blood cells Research on cord blood.

  18. Blood Typing Game • http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/landsteiner/index.html

  19. Test Your Gray Matter… AB Cord blood has immunity producing stem cells, is easy to transplant, and does not cause rejection He/she would develop Rh antibodies Antigen An Rh negative mother White blood cell count is low Erthroblastosis fetalis Abcess

  20. Anemia Sickle cell anemia Hemophilia

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