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properties of matter

properties of matter. Physical and chemical properties and changes. Chemistry: big ideas. The use of elements and compounds has both positive and negative effects on society and the environment

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properties of matter

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  1. properties of matter Physical and chemical properties and changes

  2. Chemistry: big ideas • The use of elements and compounds has both positive and negative effects on society and the environment • Elements and compounds have specific physical and chemical properties that determine their practical uses. • What does that mean? • Individual characteristics of substances determine how they are used.

  3. Matter • Everything is made of matter. • Your desk • Your shoes • Your lunch • To determine what type of matter something is we use our senses to make observations of its properties. • 5 senses? • Sight • Smell • Touch • Sound • Taste

  4. Matter • Knowing the properties of matter means knowing how to handle it safely- especially when something goes wrong. *WHMIS • Tell me about this: • All matter has both physical and chemical properties.

  5. Physical properties • Characteristics of a substance that are observed with the senses • Can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance • The boiling point of water is 100°C • The melting point of water is 0°C • Can be measured without breaking the molecules apart into hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms • There are 2 types of physical properties….

  6. Physical properties • Qualitative: • Characteristics that can be described but not measured (i.e. no numerical information) • Ex: the solution is an opaque, dark blue colour • Quantitative: • Characteristics that can be measured numerically • Data represented with numbers • Ex: We have 238 ml of the solution

  7. Physical properties Qualitative

  8. Physical properties Quantitative

  9. Characteristic Physical properties • Physical properties can be used to identify a substance: • Eg) The specific temperature at which a substance changes state is a characteristicphysical property • Melting point: temp at which a solid turns into a liquid • Boiling point: temp at which a liquid turns into a gas • Density – Substances have a specific density ratio

  10. Water has very unique physical properties: Can exist in 3 states at the same time Unusually high boiling point Temperature moderation Very soluble! Can dissolve a large variety of chemical substances Liquid is more dense than solid Water's Unusual Properties

  11. Chemical properties • Describe the ability of a substance to react with another substance and form a new substance • Eg. Ability of copper to turn green (oxidizing) is a chemical property

  12. Reactivity A substance’s tendency to react to different substances is a chemical property Reaction with Water Sodium  explosion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTcgo46nxNE Calcium carbide  light http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thkgrwGgALw Reaction with Oxygen Iron  rust Combustion  fire Reaction with acids or bases Baking soda and acid produce CO2  makes dough rise http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sgr9gery9dY

  13. Physical Changes Objects do not change their chemical nature Physical properties change - texture, shape, size, colour, odour Eg. Baseball bat Eg. Sugar water

  14. Chemical Changes Atoms combine to form new molecules One or more of the following indicates a chemical change: Change of colour Gas produced Energy released or consumed Precipitate is formed

  15. Physical or Chemical change?

  16. Physical or Chemical change?

  17. Physical change think… Change in shape Change in appearance Chemical change think … Burning Cooking Rusting Film processing [Was there production of a new substance?] Physical or Chemical change?

  18. Physical or Chemical change?

  19. Physical or Chemical change?

  20. Physical or Chemical change?

  21. homework Using the tables in your notes, add an everyday example of each property

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