CHAPTER 20

1. CHAPTER 20 Nationalist Movements Around the World Section 3:Unrest in China Objectives: >How did resentment of foreign interests lead to the downfall of the Qing dynasty? >How did the nationalist movement grow and change under the leadership of both Sun Yixian and Chiang Kaishek? >How did communism develop in China?

2. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China Bell Ringer 20.3: What steps led to the downfall of the Qing dynasty?

3. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China Increasing Western influence caused division in China. A nationalist movement grew that wanted to regain Chinese power and glory through Western ideals of government. To understand China and its relationship with the West, we have to go back in time to the 1800s…..

4. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China In the early 1800s,  the British treasury was being depleted due to its dependence upon imported tea from China.

5. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China The Chinese viewed the goods the Europeans brought to trade withas nearly worthless trinkets. To solve this trade imbalance Britain shipped opium, processed from poppy plants grown in the Crown Colony of India, into China. And proceeded to get the Chinesehooked on opium ….

6. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China Chinese officials attempted to ban the importation of the highly addictive opium, but ultimately failed. The British declared war on China in a series of conflicts called the Opium Wars. Superior British military technology allowed them to claim victory and subject the Chinese to a series of Unequal Treaties.

7. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China

8. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China • The Unequal TreatiesAccording to the 1842 Treaty of Nanjing, the Chinese were to: • Reimburse Britain for war costs • Open several ports to British trade • Provide Britain with complete control of Hong Kong • Grant extraterritoriality to British citizens living in China Want to guess howthe Chinese feltabout all this??? “being exempt from the jurisdiction of local law”

9. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China Eventually several European nations followed suit, forcing China to sign a series of unequal treaties. …these established spheres of influence within China which guaranteed specific trading privileges to each nation within its respective sphere.

10. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China Eventually the United States demanded equal trading status within China, but rather than carve out its own sphere of influence, simply announced the Open Door Policy in 1899. Uncle Sam: "I'm Out For Commerce Not Conquest!"

11. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China After the further insult of the Open Door Policy, China’s fate as a secondary nation seemed sealed. In response, Chinese nationalists staged the Boxer Rebellion in 1900.

12. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China

13. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China The Boxer Rebellion failed to drive the foreigners from China.It did, however, encourage nationalist sentiment among the people. A new political party – the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) was formed. The party’s director wasSun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen).

14. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China Sun Yat-sen • Considered the “Father of the Nation” by the Chinese • Instrumental in overthrowing the last imperial dynasty in China • based his idea of revolution on Three Principles of the People: • Nationalism • Democracy • People’s livelihood

15. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China Five thousand years of dynastic rule came to an end in February 1912 but the warlords were not quick to give up their power. China was in turmoil.

16. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China The Nationalists asked for helpfrom the West …. The only country that respondedwas the Soviet Union. The Soviets sent technical, political, and military advisors to help build a modern Chinese army.

17. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China Sun Yat-sen died in 1925 and hissuccessor Chiang Kai-shek begana campaign against the Communistinfluence in China.

18. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China In 1927 Chiang expelled ALL Soviet advisers from the country and moved against the left-wing Chinese communists. The Shanghai Massacreof 1927 ~ Over a thousand Communists were arrested, some 300 were officially executed, and more than 5,000 went missing.

19. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China Outnumbered and outgunned 6 to 1, Mao Zedong led 100,000of his followers from southern China northward on a 6000 mile trek over 368 days. The Long March. …over 18 mountain ranges and deep marshes. … crossing 24 rivers. … while being pursued by Nationalist troops throughterritory controlled by warlords. Only one in ten would survive.

20. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China China was now split into two rival groups:

21. Visual Source Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China “The War in China” ~ “I can take on ALL of you by myself!”

22. ` Political Cartoon Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China This post-Boxer Uprising cartoon depicts War standing over the various European countries (plus the U.S. and Japan) as a pack of dogs fighting over the corpse of the Qing empire.

23. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China Quiz Time! Are you ready?

24. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China

25. SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories Unrest in China