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Cell Structure and Function

Cell Structure and Function. Reading quiz (list your answers and correct answers from exam first). List the 3 components of the cell theory You have a cube with length of 1 cm. Explain how to find the volume and the total surface area of the cube. Find each of the values (remember your units). .

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Cell Structure and Function

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  1. Cell Structure and Function

  2. Reading quiz (list your answers and correct answers from exam first) • List the 3 components of the cell theory • You have a cube with length of 1 cm. Explain how to find the volume and the total surface area of the cube. Find each of the values (remember your units).

  3. Cell theory • All living things are composed of cell • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things • New cells are produced from existing cells

  4. What do cells do? • Carry out the processes of life: reproduction (only some cells), convert chemical compounds to usable energy, respond to the environment, grow and develop, maintain a stable internal environment, change • The cell works together to carry out these functions • Cells are specialized • Cells are compartmented • Nucleus vs. Organelle vs. cytoplasm

  5. What kinds of cells are there? Prokaryotic (lack true nucleus) Unicellular Eukaryotic (true nucleus) Unicellular or multicellular Plant Animal

  6. Chromosome structure

  7. Limits to cell growth • 1) Not enough copies of DNA to serve large cell • 2) Rate of nutrient exchange would decrease • Surface area to volume ratio

  8. Sample process • Cells often need to make proteins (for example insulin) to transport somewhere else in the body 1. DNA in nucleus gives instruction for making the protein insulin 2. Protein is made at Ribosomes attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 3. Protein is modified in the golgi apparatus 4. Protein moves in a vesicle and is released outside the cell

  9. Reading quiz • 1. What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle? • 2. Cancer is essentially a disorder of what cell process? • 3. What is the function of spindles? • 4. In mitosis the ____ is divided in half while in cytokinesis the ____ is divided in half • 5. Explain how to identify a cell in metaphase

  10. Reading quiz • 1. What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle? DNA is replicated • 2. Cancer is essentially a disorder of what cell process? Cell division or mitosis • 3. What is the function of spindles? Attach to or move chromosomes • 4. In mitosis the genetic material is divided in half while in cytokinesis the cytoplasm is divided in half • 5. Explain how to identify a cell in metaphase chromosomes are lined up along the equator

  11. Cell cycle • What is everything that happens during a cell cycle? • Do all cells divide at the same rate? • What controls when a cell divides? • What happens when a cell stops responding to these controls?

  12. Cell cycle control • G1 checkpoint  S, G2, M • No G1 checkpoint  G0

  13. Cancer growth

  14. Mitosis and cytokinesis • Interphase: Cell grows and replicates its DNA • Prophase: Chromatin condenses, centrioles separate, spindle forms • Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at center

  15. Mitosis and cytokinesis • Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate • Telophase: Chromosomes gather at either end • Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm separated, daughter cells have identical set of chromosomes

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