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Ch. 18

Ch. 18. The Muslim World Expands. Section 1. The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire. Turks Move into Byzantium. Ghazis Warriors for islam Leader/commander Emir Formed military societies Strict Islamic code of conduct. Turks Move into Byzantium. Osman Most successful ghazi

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Ch. 18

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  1. Ch. 18 The Muslim World Expands

  2. Section 1 The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire

  3. Turks Move into Byzantium • Ghazis • Warriors for islam • Leader/commander • Emir • Formed military societies • Strict Islamic code of conduct

  4. Turks Move into Byzantium • Osman • Most successful ghazi • Called Othman by westerners • Ottoman • Followers • Built small Muslim state in Anatolia

  5. Turks Move into Byzantium • Timur the Lame • From Samarkand(Central Asia) • Interrupted the rise of the Ottoman empire • Ruthless warrior/conqueror

  6. Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion • Mehmed II • Took Constantinople w/ cannons • Now call Mehmed the Conqueror • Talented ruler • brilliant warrior • Opened Constantinople to new people w/ many religions and backgrounds • Rebuilt the city; called it Istanbul

  7. Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion • Selim the Grim • Moved through Syria, Palestine and North Africa • Accountable for Mecca and Medina • Aquired Cairo (intellectual center of the Muslim world)

  8. Suleyman the Lawgiver • Ottoman Empire • Reached it’s peak under Suleyman • Suleyman the magnificent • How westerners referred to him • Great military leader

  9. Suleyman the Lawgiver • Social organization • Simplified and limited taxes • Systematized and reduced government bureaucracy

  10. Suleyman the Lawgiver • Social organization • Devshirme • Army uses devshirme—drafts boys from conquered lands • Trains 30,000 elite soldiers—janissaries—loyal only to the sultan • Disciplined • Heart of the Ottoman war machine

  11. Suleyman the Lawgiver • Social organization • Communities • Millets (nations) • System kept conflict among people of various religions to a minimum

  12. Suleyman the Lawgiver • Cultural Flowering • Suleyman’s broad interests lead to flourishing of arts, learning • Painters and poets • Looked to Persia and Arabia for models • Work used foreign influences to express original Ottoman ideas in Turkish styles

  13. Suleyman the Lawgiver • Empire Declines Slowly • Suleyman kills one son and exiles another • Third son inherits throne but rules weakly

  14. Section 2 Cultural Blending

  15. Cultural Blending What is it? Causes: Results:

  16. Safavids • Members of an Islamic religious brotherhood • Isma’il • Shi’a warrior • Began to seize most of what is now Iran

  17. Safavids • Isma’il • Took the title of Shah • recognized Shi’a Islam as the state religion • Enraged the Ottomans • Destroyed the Sunni population of Baghdad

  18. Safavid Golden Age • Reformed aspects of military and civilian life • Encouraged cultural blending • Established relations with European nations • Summoned artisans to the Safavid Empire • Industry and art thrived

  19. Safavid Golden Age • Encouraged cultural blending • Artistic collaborations • Gave rise to beautiful artwork that decorated places in Isfahan • Persian carpets • Vital result of Western influence on the Safavids • High demand

  20. Decline of the Dynasty

  21. The Mughal Empire in India Section 3

  22. Early History of the Mughals • Babur • Inherited a kingdom • Area around Uzbekistan and Tajikistan • Taken away by elders; moved south

  23. Akbar’s Golden Age • Akbar (Great) • Babur’s grandson • Powerful military and political leader • combined a land of more than 100 million people • More than most of Europe shared

  24. Akbar’s Golden Age • Akbar • Muslim • Continued the Islamic tradition of religious freedom • Arts, architecture, and literature flourished

  25. Aurangzeb’s Reign • Mughal holding expanded to their greatest size • Oppressive ruler; levied high taxes • Many died from famine while he waged war • Lead to his demise • Intolerant of non-Muslim religions

  26. Decline of the Dynasty

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