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Yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis. Ancient Plague and Modern Menace Christy Mackenzie. General Outline. History and Relevance General Biology Pathogenesis Detection. Images on first slide:http://www.william-shakespeare.info/bubonic-black-plague-elizabethan-era.htm

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Yersinia pestis

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  1. Yersinia pestis Ancient Plague and Modern Menace Christy Mackenzie

  2. General Outline • History and Relevance • General Biology • Pathogenesis • Detection Images on first slide:http://www.william-shakespeare.info/bubonic-black-plague-elizabethan-era.htm www.insecta-inspecta.com/ fleas/bdeath/Doctor.html This slide:http://www.provincia.torino.it/scuola/cesedi/modelli/epidemie/2.4testo1fig1.htm

  3. History of Plague • Three major historical epidemics: 700-600 BCE, 14th-17th C, 1855-present day • Black Death: 1347-1351 • Recent Outbreaks www.tomecek.com/ jay/ThePlague.html

  4. Present-day Relevance • World-wide spread • Bioterrorism • Re-emergence - Madagascar http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/plague/world98.htm

  5. General Biology • Hosts • Symptoms • Transmission Cycle • Diagnosis • Treatment www.bibliopolis.org/ cromo/crom0011.htm

  6. Hosts of Yersinia pestis • Mammalian Human Rodent • Insect Xenopsylla cheopis http://www.channel4.com/history/ microsites/H/history/plaegu/plague.html Science Picture Library www.exn.ca/Stories/ 2000/09/12/52.asp

  7. Symptoms idcs0100.lib.iup.edu/ WestCivI/the8.htm www.imcworldwide.org/ cbr/L1C-m2.html http://aci.mta.ca/Courses/Biology/Images/bacterial%20folder/Plague.html • Bubonic • Pneumonic • Septicemic www.niaid.nih.gov/dir/ labs/lhbp/hinnebusch.htm

  8. Transmission Cycles www.pon.nic.in/fil-free/ vcrc/plague.html

  9. Diagnosis • “Diagnosis is based primarily on clinical suspicion” - USAMRIID • Staining • Culture http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/plague/p4.htm www.einsamer-schuetze.com/natur/krankheit/pest/bedrohung.html

  10. Treatment • ANTIBIOTICS! • Development of resistant strains http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/337/10/677

  11. Pathogenesis • Evolution • Plasmids • Type III Secretion • Virulence Factors dr-gng.dp.ua/death/ black/death_0.htm

  12. Evolution • Yersinia family -pestis -pseudotuberculosis • Genomics -Shared Characters -Divergence -- inactivation http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/GenomeAtlas/show-atlas.php?kingdom=Bacteria&segmentid=Ypestis_Mediaevails_Main&type=cruciformatlas

  13. Plasmids • pPCP1 • pPMT1 • pCD1 http://tecfaetu.unige.ch/wiki/index.php/PrincipeTransgenese

  14. Type III Secretion • Injectisome • Yops Cornelis, 2002.

  15. Antiphagocytosis Cornelis, 2002.

  16. Virulence Factors • Invasins • Tyrosine Phosphatase http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/280/11/10388

  17. Temperature Dependency http://jb.asm.org/cgi/content/full/186/18/6298

  18. Detection • Rapid Detection Test www.allwestselectsires.com/ ecf.asp www.testsymptomsathome.com/ TEC01.asp

  19. Detection • APDS Autonomous Pathogen Detection System http://www.llnl.gov/str/October04/Langlois.html

  20. Conclusion http://www.witheridge-historical-archive.com/black-death.htm

  21. References • Bossi, P. A Tegnell, A Baka, F Van Loock, J Hendriks, A Werner, ,H Maidhof, G Gouvras. Bichat Guidelines for the Clinical Management of Plague and Bioterrorism-Related Plague. Euro Surveill. 2004 Dec 01 9(12) (ePub). • CDC Strategic Working Group. Biological and Chemical Terrorism: Strategic Plan for Preparedness and Response. CDC:MMWR. April 21, 2000. 49:1-14. • CDC Plague Home page (and linked sites). Found at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/plague/index.htm. Reviewed Mar. 30, 2005. • Chamberlain, Neal R. Lecture on Plague. 8/3/2004. Found at http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/lectures/lecture/plague.htm • Chanteau, Suzanne, Lila Rahalison, Lalao Ralafiarisoa, Jeanine Foulon, Mahery Ratsitorahina, Lala Ratsifasoamanana, Elisabeth Carniel and Farida Nato. Development and Testing of a Rapid Diagnostic Test for Bubonic and Pneumonic Plague. 2003. The Lancet. 361(9353):211-216. • Cornelis, Guy R. Yersinia type III secretion: send in the effectors. The Journal of Cell Biology. August 5, 2002. 158(3):401-408 • Cowan, Clarissa, Heather Jones, Yasemin Kaya, Robert Perry, and Susan Straley. Invasion of Epithelial Cells by Yersinia pestis: Evidence for a Y. pestis-Specific Invasin. Infect Immun. Aug 2000. 68(8):4523-4530. • Gage, Kenneth L, and Michael Y Kosoy. Natural History of Plague: Perspectives from More than a Century of Research. Annu. Rev. Entomo. 2005. 50: 505-528. • Galimand, Marc, Annie Guiyoule, Guy Gerbaud, Bruno Rasoamanana, M.D., Suzanne Chanteau, Ph.D., Elisabeth Carniel, M.D., Ph.D., and Patrice Courvalin, M.D. Multidrug Resistance in Yersinia pestis Mediated by a Transferable Plasmid. NEJM. Sept 4, 1997. 337:677-681. • Girard, Jessica M, David M Wagner, Amy J Vogler, Christine Keys, Christopher J Allender, Lee C Drickamer and Paul Keim. Differential plague-transmission dynamics determine Yersinia pestis population genetic structure on local, regional and global scales. PNAS. June 1, 2004. Vol. 101, no 22:8408-8413.

  22. References cont. • Franz D, P Jahrling, A Friedlander, et al. Clinical Recognition and management of patients exposed to biological warfare agents. JAMA 1997. 278:399-411. • McBride, MT, D Masquelier, BJ Hindson, AJ Makarewicz, S Brown, K Burris, Thomas Metz, RG Langlois, KW Tsang, R Bryan, DA Anderson, KS Venkateswaran, FP Milanovich and BW Colston. Autonomous Detection of Aerosolized Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis. Anal. Chem. 2003 75(20):5293,5299 • McGovern, Thomas W and Arthur M Friedlander. Plague. The Textbooks of Military Medicine. Found at www.bordeninstitute.army.mil/cwbw • Motin, VL, AM Georgescu, JP Fitch, PP Gu, DO Nelson, SL Mabery, JB Garnham, BA Sokhansanj, LL Ott, MA Coleman, JM Elliott, LM Kegelmeyer, AJ Wyrobek, TR Slezak, RR Brubaker, and E Garcia. Temporal Global Changes in Gene Expression during Temperature Transition in Yersinia pestis. Journal of Bacteriology. Sep 2004. 186(18):6298-6305. • USAMRIID: Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook. Plague. Found at http://www.vnh.org/BIOCASU/9.html

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