Transphobia, a price worth paying for Gender Identity Disorder? Sam Winter,

1. Transphobia, a price worth paying for Gender Identity Disorder? Sam Winter, Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong Paper presented at 1st Congress of the World Association for Sexual Health (18th Congress of the World Association for Sexology), Sydney, Australia, April 2007 sjwinter@hku.hk

2. Transphobia, a price worth paying for Gender Identity Disorder? Transpeople Transphobia Psychiatry

3. Transphobia, a price worth paying for Gender Identity Disorder? Transpeople Transphobia Transprejudice Discrimination Poorer life quality/health Psychiatry

4. Transphobia, a price worth paying for Gender Identity Disorder? Transphobia in Asia Family School Wider society Transphobic Governments Transphobic police

5. A seven-society study of attitudes / beliefs about transwomen CHINA Sam WINTER, Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R.; Loretta Ho Man Wah, Teacher Education Department, School of Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong S.A.R.; MALAYSIA TEH Yik Koon, Faculty of Social and Human Development, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah; SINGAPORE WONG Ying Wuen, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore; THAILAND Nongnuch ROJANALERT, Department of Educational Psychology, Silpakorn University, Nakorn Pathom; Kulthida MANEERAT, Department of Dramatic Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok; PHILIPPINES Francis “Chuck” GOMEZ,De La Salle College of Saint Benilde, Metro-Manila; Raymond Aquino MACAPAGAL,Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Metro-Manila; UNITED KINGDOM Anne BEAUMONT, Department of Sociology, University of Essex , Colchester; UNITED STATES Pornthip CHALUNGSOOTH, Counseling and Psychological Services, University Health Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville;

6. Five underlying attitudes / beliefs about transwomen(Principal Components Analysis; Direct Oblimin Rotation) Belief that transwomen suffer from a mental sickness (MENTAL-SICKNESS, 30.2% of variance) Belief that transwomen are not women, should not be treated as such, and should not be afforded their rights (REJECT-WOMEN, 7.42% of variance) Rejection of contact with transwomen in a variety of social situations, including among family members and teachers (REJECT-SOCIAL, 5.56% of variance) Rejection of contact with transwomen within one’s peer group (REJECT-PEERS, 5.16% of variance) Belief that transwomen engage in sexually deviant behaviour (SEXUAL-DEVIANCE, 3.76% of variance)

7. Factor intercorrelations MENTAL- SICKNESS REJECT- WOMEN 0.55** REJECT- SOCIAL 0.50** 0.47** REJECT- PEERS 0.59** 0.51** 0.64** SEXUAL- DEVIANCE 0.27** 0.44** 0.13** 0.35**

8. Factor intercorrelations MENTAL- SICKNESS REJECT- WOMEN 0.55** REJECT- SOCIAL 0.50** 0.47** REJECT- PEERS 0.59** 0.51** 0.64** SEXUAL- DEVIANCE 0.27** 0.44** 0.13** 0.35**

9. Factor intercorrelations MENTAL- SICKNESS REJECT- WOMEN 0.55** REJECT- SOCIAL 0.50** 0.47** REJECT- PEERS 0.59** 0.51** 0.64** SEXUAL- DEVIANCE 0.27** 0.44** 0.13** 0.35**

10. Minority stress Impaired mental health Transphobia

11. Minority stress Impaired mental health Transphobia Psychiatric Pathologisation

12. Minority stress Impaired mental health Transphobia Psychiatric Pathologisation

13. Minority stress Impaired mental health Transphobia Psychiatric Pathologisation

16. For more information on TransgenderASIA visit our website at: web.hku.hk/~sjwinter/TransgenderASIA or simply Google ‘TransgenderASIA’ or e mail Sam Winter at sjwinter@hku.hk