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Crisis and Absolutism in Europe

Crisis and Absolutism in Europe. 1550-1715 Absolute monarchy , a form of government where the monarch has the power to rule their land freely, with no laws or legally-organized direct opposition in force. 7:1 Wars of Religion. Objectives: Who are Huguenots?

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Crisis and Absolutism in Europe

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  1. Crisis and Absolutism in Europe 1550-1715 Absolute monarchy, a form of government where the monarch has the power to rule their land freely, with no laws or legally-organized direct opposition in force

  2. 7:1 Wars of Religion • Objectives: • Who are Huguenots? • Official religions of the time in Europe • What is the “Act of Supremacy?” • What was the main cause of religious wars?

  3. Trying to win converts & eliminating each others authority was the main cause of the religious wars. • Economic, social, political forces also played important part. • (1560) Calvinism & Catholicism b/c highly militant. • P211 voices of past

  4. Huguenots (HYOO-guh-nawts) • -French protestants influenced by John Calvin • Henry of Navarre • -converted (Fr.) once realizing he’d never be accepted when crowned (1594) & fighting ended

  5. To solve religious problems, the • Edict of Nantes – which recognized Catholic as official religion of France but gave Huguenots right to practice, worship and hold office. • King Philip II (Spain) • - The most Catholic King & supporter of militant Catholicism.

  6. By 1598 (end of Philip reign) Spain was most populous empire & controlled almost all of S. Am. • Bankrupt from spending on war • Forces out of date • Inefficient gov’t

  7. Queen Elizabeth Repealed laws favoring Catholics (moderate to please most) ACT OF SUPREMACY – named Eliz. The only supreme governor of both Church & state

  8. Armada – fleet of ships • Spanish Armada defeated by English Sea Dogs opened way for English to settle N. Am. Coast.

  9. 7:1 Wars of Religion • Objectives: • Who are Huguenots? • Official religions of the time in Europe • What is the “Act of Supremacy?” • What was the main cause of religious wars?

  10. 7:2 Social Crisis, War & Revolution • Objectives: • Explain the 30 years war • Describe Commonwealth

  11. Economic Crisis: more imported Gold/Silver • Increased population • demand for land & food • drove price$ UP = inflation

  12. Wacky witchcraft 1600’s were common village culture of times • Religion spread due to this concern • Heretics accused could be tortured. • DID YOU READ?: • What were characteristics of the majority of those accused?

  13. 30 YEARS WAR – last of religious wars • (see pg 216 & 218) • Peace of Westphalia – stated all German states could determine their own religion. • Now the 300+ states that made up Holy Roman Empire were recognized as independent w/ power to conduct own foreign policy= end to HRE as one political unit

  14. MEANWHILE: • England (not involved in 30 yrs. war) had own civil war b/t King & Parliament over who should govern England. • King James I – divine right of Kings= Kings got power from God.

  15. Puritans – (protestants in Eng. w/ Calvinist idea) • Charles I – imposed rituals on Church of Eng. Many saw as return to Catholic practices…. • As King pushed = more chose America!

  16. Cavaliers – supporters of King (Royalist) • vs. • Roundheads – supporters of Parliament • Oliver Cromwell – military genius w/ new model army helped parliament win control

  17. Commonwealth = republic destroying both King & Parliament = military dictatorship………..

  18. 7:3 Response to Crisis • Absolutism = ruler hold absolute total power • Louis XIV (Fr) – best example • Established household at Versailles • Finances crucial issue • Jean Baptiste Colbert • Mercantilism = < imports & > exports

  19. Glorious Revolution = • William of Orange invited to Eng. Married Mary (James II daughter)

  20. 1689 Parliament offers throne to • William & Mary who accept w/ a • Bill of Rights • Toleration Act 1689 – granted puritans right to worship = no more persecutions • Destroyed the divine right theory of Kingship

  21. Prussia & Austria Expand • Ivan IV - 1st ruler to have title of czar (Russian for Caesar) • What got him the name of “Ivan the terrible?” • Peter the Great – czar 1689-1725 • Wanted to westernize Russia

  22. St. Petersburg – “window to the west”

  23. 7:4 European Culture • Mannerism – style that emerged in Italy 1520’s • Golden Age of literature = • William Shakespere

  24. Thomas Hobbes • -political thoughts • John Locke • - political thoughts were against one absolute ruler but more on protecting rights, constitutional gov’t

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