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Civilization in Africa

Explore the rich history of African civilization from ancient times to the Bantu migration, encompassing influential cultures and civilizations such as Aksum, Mali, and the impact of the Bantu peoples. Discover the interconnectedness of geography, culture, and history in shaping Africa's diverse societies.

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Civilization in Africa

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  1. Civilization in Africa Chapter 8 Chapter 15

  2. African Geography “Geography is the mother of history. Nowhere in the world is this more powerfully illustrated than in Africa. The most [powerful] force in Africa’s experience is Africa’s environment… Africa has been a continent of abundant life but speedy death. Partly because of this… Africa has been the first habitat of man but the last to become truly [livable].” – Ali A. Mazrui (African scholar)

  3. Sub-Saharan African Culture • Animism : religion in which spirits play an important role in regulating daily life • Spirits are present in animals, plants, and other natural forces, including the souls of dead ancestors • Lack of written language – oral history told by griots(storytellers)

  4. Early West African Civilization • Djenne-Djeno – oldest known city in sub-Saharan Africa (250 BCE) • Linked to other towns by the Niger River and overland camel routes = bustling trading center • Nokpeople – earliest known culture (500 BCE – 200 CE) • Smelted iron • Skilled in sculpture and pottery

  5. Aksum and East Africa (300-700 CE) • Modern-day Ethiopia • Ezana expanded the kingdom into the Arabian peninsula • AD 451, a split in Christianity • Coptic Church • Ethiopian Orthodox • Spread of Islam severed link to the rest of the Christian world, forced the decline of Aksum

  6. Kingdom of Mali (1235-1400 CE) • 1st emperor (mansa) is Sundiata • Promoted agriculture • Re-established gold-salt trade • Mansa Musa (grand-nephew) • Most famous Muslim mansa • Made Timbuktu into the major trading city in the empire • Visit of Ibn Battuta • Traveled for 27 years • Visited every country in Muslim empire.

  7. Bantu-speaking peoples • Group of over 900 languages that originated in central Africa • Made one of the greatest migrations in history and populated the southern third of the African continent

  8. Effects of the Bantu Migration • Territorial wars with the small groups who had lived in southern Africa • Intermingling of Bantu culture/languages with “natives” = great diversity of culture • Similarities within the hundreds of Bantu languages = unifying influence in southern Africa

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