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This article explores the need for transparent, independent regulation in the legal profession and highlights the role of the Legal Services Board and professional bodies in promoting the public interest, competition, and innovation.
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Gresham V The legal profession Regulating for independence
The Clementi Review • Regulation should promote and public and consumer interests, competition and innovation, and be transparent • Regulatory and representative arms of professional bodies should be separate • Legal Services Board as overarching regulator but professional bodies as front line regulators
The legal regulators • Bar Council – Bar Standards Board • Law Society – Solicitiors Regulation Authority • Council of Legal Conveyancers • Institute of Legal Executives – ILEX Professional Standards Board • The Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys • The Master of the Faculties (Notaries) • The Institute of Trade Mark Attorneys • The Association of Law Costs Draftsmen
The Legal Services Act 2007 Created the Legal Services Board to oversee the legal approved regulators, the Bar Council and the solicitors Set up Office of Legal Complaints – a new ombudsman single entry point for complaints, but professional misconduct still reserved for BSB Facilitates new working structures, Legal Disciplinary Practices, Alternative Business Structures • ’. 5
The clients of the Bar • Members of the public • Solicitors • Judges • Big corporations • Government departments • Foreign governments
The principles I • 66 Cambridge Law Journal 67 (2007) • Law should be accessible, intelligible, clear and predictable • Legal rights should be resolved by law and not discretion • The law applies equally to all • Protection of human rights
The principles II • Means must be provided to resolve civil disputes without prohibitive cost or inordinate delay • Public officers should exercise powers reasonably, in good faith, for the right purpose and without exceeding them • Judicial procedures should be fair and independent • The state should comply with its international law obligations
Self regulation • UN Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers 1990 • The Code of Conduct for Lawyers in the EU 1988 • IBA Standards for Independence of the Legal Profession 1990
Regulatory Objectives LSA 2007 – in no particular order: Protecting and promoting the public interest Supporting the rule of law Improving access to justice Protecting and promoting the interests of consumers Promoting competition in the provision of services Encouraging an independent, strong, diverse and effective legal profession Increasing public understanding of the citizen’s legal rights and duties Promoting the professional principles 14
Quality control of the Bar • Advocacy assessment • Office for Legal Complaints • QC Appointments • Judicial Appointments Commission
Advocacy quality • Professions cooperating on standards • Quality Assurance Scheme for Advocates • Judicial input • Criminal and family first
Office for Legal Complaints • Legal Ombudsman, one portal for all complaints • Deals with poor service complaints • BSB continues to handle misconduct • Agreement on cooperation and hybrid complaints