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SWINE FLU OUTBREAKS H1N1 to H3N2 an Update

SWINE FLU OUTBREAKS H1N1 to H3N2 an Update. Dr.T.V.Rao MD. What is Swine influenza.

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SWINE FLU OUTBREAKS H1N1 to H3N2 an Update

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  1. Dr.T.V.Rao MD SWINE FLU OUTBREAKSH1N1 to H3N2an Update Dr.T.V.Rao MD

  2. Dr.T.V.Rao MD What is Swine influenza • Swine influenza(also called H1N1 flu, swine flu, hog flu, and pig flu) is an infection by any one of several types of swine influenza virus. Swine influenza virus (SIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs

  3. Dr.T.V.Rao MD SWINE FLU • 2009 swine flu outbreak is the epidemic spread of a new strain of influenza virus that was clinically identified in April 2009 The new virus strain is a type of influenza A (H1N1) virus, commonly called the swine flu. The outbreak has also been called the H1N1 influenza, 2009 H1N1 flu, Mexican flu, or swine-origin influenza.

  4. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Out breaks among Pigs • Outbreaks among pigs normally occur in colder weather months (late fall and winter) and sometimes with the introduction of new pigs into susceptible herds. Studies have shown that the swine flu H1N1 is common throughout pig populations worldwide, with 25 %of animals showing antibody evidence of infection.

  5. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Swine Flu A Global Concern

  6. Dr.T.V.Rao MD H1 and N1 kills many • Between 2009 and mid-2010, more than 17,000 people died worldwide from the highly contagious H1N1 swine flu strain, leading the World Health Organization to call the strain a pandemic.

  7. Dr.T.V.Rao MD How man is exposed • Most commonly, these cases occur in persons with direct exposure to pigs (e.g. children near pigs at a fair or workers in the swine industry). In addition, there have been documented cases of one person spreading swine flu to others.

  8. Dr.T.V.Rao MD WHO alerts it as Phase 5 • WHO to change its pandemic alert phase to "Phase 5", which is defined as "...human-to-human spread of the virus into at least two countries in one WHO region

  9. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Swine flu – A Acute respiratory infection • Swine flu is an infection caused by a virus. It's named for a virus that pigs can get. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. The virus is contagious and can spread from human to human. Symptoms of swine flu in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human flu and include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue.

  10. Dr.T.V.Rao MD A New Strain of Influenza Virus • The virus responsible was clinically identified as a new strain on April 24, 2009

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  12. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Swine flu spreads through Respiratory route • The main way that influenza viruses are thought to spread is from person to person in respiratory droplets of coughs and sneezes.

  13. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Swine flu can begin with • Fever with Sudden symptoms of • Aches • Chills • Tiredness

  14. Dr.T.V.Rao MD May Preset with more severe symptoms • Fever (usually high) • Headache • Muscle aches • Chills • Extreme tiredness • Dry cough • Runny nose may also occur but is more common in children than adults • Stomach symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, may also occur but are more common in children than adults • Donot self Diagnose Visit a Health Centre

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  16. Dr.T.V.Rao MD New Virus is a Reassortment • The new strain is an apparent reassortment of four strains of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 Analysis at the United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified the four component strains as one endemic in humans, one endemic in birds, and two endemic in pigs (swine). One swine strain was widespread in the United States, the other in other countries

  17. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Why Called as Swine Flu • Although called swine flu due to it predominantly containing swine strains, the World Organisation for Animal Health have proposed the name North American influenza.

  18. Dr.T.V.Rao MD New Virus a New combination • The CDC determined that the strain contained genes from four different flu viruses – North American swine influenza, North American avian influenza, human influenza, and swine influenza virus typically found in Asia and Europe – "an unusually mongrelised mix of genetic sequences.

  19. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Pigs a Mixing vessel • Pigs can catch human and avian or bird flu. When flu viruses from different species infect pigs, they can mix inside the pig and new, mixed viruses can emerge.

  20. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Pigs infect Humans • Pigs can pass mutated viruses back to humans, and these can be passed from human to human. Transmission among humans is thought to occur in the same way as with seasonal flu.

  21. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Diagnosis • To diagnose swine influenza A infection, a respiratory specimen would generally need to be collected within the first 4 to 5 days of illness (when an infected person is most likely to be shedding virus). However, some persons, especially children, may shed virus for 10 days or longer. Identification as a swine flu influenza A virus

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  23. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Rapid Diagnosis • RT PCR can make rapid Diagnosis

  24. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Prevention is best option • Covering your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it. D

  25. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Clean Hands – Safe Hands • Washing your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. You can also use alcohol-based hand cleaners.

  26. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Drug options in Swine Flu • There are four influenza antiviral drugs approved for use in the United States (oseltamivir, zanamivir, Amantidine and rimantadine). The swine influenza A (H1N1) viruses that have been detected in humans in the United States and Mexico are resistant to Amantidine and rimantadine so these drugs will not work against these swine influenza viruses. Laboratory testing on these swine influenza A (H1N1) viruses so far indicate that they are susceptible (sensitive) to oseltamivir and zanamivir

  27. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Using N95 mask reduces the Risk • You can cut your risk of contracting the flu or other respiratory viruses by as much as 80 percent by wearing a mask over your nose and mouth, according to a new study. Emerging Infectious Diseases, the journal of the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) .

  28. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Avoid close contact • Avoid close contact with people who are sick. When you are sick, keep your distance from others to protect them from getting sick too. • Aerosols spread the virus in any environment

  29. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Prevention is the Best option • Covering your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use

  30. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Clean your hands. • Washing your hands often will help protect you from germs. • Hand washing proved to be best procedure in prevention of Majority of Communicable diseases.

  31. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Swine flu Vaccination • Everyone 6 months of age and older should get vaccinated against the flu as soon as the 2010-2011 season vaccine is available. People at high risk of serious flu complications include young children, pregnant women, people with chronic health conditions like asthma, diabetes or heart and lung disease and people 65 years and older.

  32. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Health care workers and Vaccination • Vaccination also is important for health care workers, and other people who live with or care for high risk people to keep from spreading flu to high risk people.

  33. Dr.T.V.Rao MD "flu shot” • The "flu shot" — an inactivated vaccine (containing killed virus) that is given with a needle, usually in the arm. The flu shot is approved for use in people older than 6 months, including healthy people and people with chronic medical conditions.

  34. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Nasal vaccination • The nasal-spray flu vaccine—a vaccine made with live, weakened flu viruses that do not cause the flu (sometimes called LAIV for "live attenuated influenza vaccine" or FluMist®). LAIV (FluMist®) is approved for use in healthy* people 2-49 years of age who are not pregnant.

  35. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Care for common materials used by Swine flu patients • Linens, eating utensils, and dishes belonging to those who are sick do not need to be cleaned separately, but importantly these items should not be shared without washing thoroughly first.

  36. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Proper Handling of Pig meat a Priority • Influenza viruses do not affect the safety of pork, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). As with any raw meat, pork should always be properly handled and cooked to eliminate a range of food safety concerns.

  37. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Newly identified influenza Strain H3N2

  38. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Newly identified Strain H3N2 • The new identified variant contains genes of the H3N2 swine influenza that has been circulating in North American pigs since 1998 as well as the gene from the pandemic virus H1N1, making it a kind of hybrid.

  39. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Is the H3N2 is Dangerous ? • The new swine flu strain, H3N2, has shown at least some potential for human-to-human transmission in those infected individuals, which makes it especially dangerous

  40. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Current update on FLU • The A(H3N2)v swine flu strain that has infected at least 18 Americans since Sept. 2010 has shown the potential for human-to-human transmission. According to the paper, which was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the H3N2 strains "resemble viruses with pandemic potential.

  41. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Antigenic Clusters from 2002 to 2010

  42. Dr.T.V.Rao MD CDC plans for creating a New Vaccine for H3N3 • CDC is looking to create a vaccine for the new H3N2v. Hopefully we won’t need it — but as the furor over man-made killer H5N1 flu viruses and the emergence of a new pandemic just three years ago shows, there are no guarantees with the flu.

  43. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Genetic Analysis of New StrainH3N2 • Genetic analyses revealed that the 2 children had been infected with similar but not identical influenza A (H3N2) viruses. Their viruses also are similar to H3N2 flu viruses found in US pigs since 1998 and in 8 human infections reported in the United States since 2010

  44. Dr.T.V.Rao MD CDC Updates • CDC testing indicates the H3N2v is similar to a human H3N2 strain that circulated in the mid-1990s. (Humans actually gave the H3N2 virus to pigs back then — which shows just how interconnected and vulnerable we all are Wish to Read more: http://healthland.time.com/2011/12/30/how-a-new-swine-flu-virus-could-complicate-influenza-season/#ixzz1ptttueai

  45. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Scientific update on Vaccine for H3N2 • US Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announcement in November 2011 that it had developed a candidate vaccine virus and provided it to manufacturers. The swine-origin H3N2 reassortant strain (H3N2v) includes the M gene from the 2009 H1N1 virus. The 12 infections were all reported in 2011, occurring mostly in children.

  46. Dr.T.V.Rao MD Follow me for more articles of interest on issues on Infectious diseases

  47. Dr.T.V.Rao MD • Programme created by T.V.Rao MD as Medical Update on Swine Flu from 2009 to 2012 for Medical and Health care Workers in the Developing World • Email • doctortvrao@gmail.com

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