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Chapter One

Explore the development of sacred and secular music in the European colonies, focusing on the contrast between aural/oral traditions and music reading. Learn about lined-out hymnody, singing schools, and the influence of European composers. Discover the importation of secular music through broadsides and the popularity of dance music in colonial America.

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Chapter One

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  1. Chapter One “Nature Must Inspire the Thought” :Sacred Music in the European Colonies

  2. “Regular Singing” vs. “Old Way” • Argument develops c. early 18th century • Aural/Oral vs. Music Reading • “Lining Out” – led by deacon/precentor- Lined-out Hymnody: Kentucky Old Regular Baptists Sing "Guide me, O Thou Great Jehovah. 1993 - Amazing Grace_by Old Regular Baptist - American Music: A Discussion on "Lining Out“ • EX. "Guide Me O Thou Great Jehovah"- also see LG 1.3 (text book, p. 30) • Need for instruction (Cotton Mather, 1721) • “Singing Schools”

  3. Tufts and Walter • John Tufts, An Introduction to the Singing of Psalm Tunes (Boston, 1715) • Thomas Walter, The Grounds and Rules of Musick, Explained (Boston, 1721)

  4. William Billlings (1746-1800) • Singing School Master, Composer, etc. • The New-England Psalm-Singer, or American Chorister (Boston, 1770) [Textbook, p. 32]- 1st collection of entirely American works- theory, instructions, and music • “Nature is the best Dictator, for all the hard dry studied Rules that ever was prescribed will not enable any Person to form an Air…without a Genius…Nature must inspire the Thought.”

  5. Billings Examples • When Jesus Wept (1768) - William Billings (from The New England Psalm-Singer) • William Billings - The Continental Harmony - Creation [1794] Anthem w/ fuging section • I am the rose of Sharon (1778), by William Billings (1746--1800) – YouTube Anthem

  6. Wake Ev'ry Breath [NEPS T.P.] Round(see text book, p. 32)

  7. Chester (1770) Part-writing? Chester by William Billings[verses 1 & 5] American Revolutionary Song:Chester - William Billings [all 5 verses] (also see LG 1.4) Tune?

  8. James Lyon (1735-94) – Urania (1761) • 1st American tunebook of any kind(but mixes original and British compositions) • Princeton educated, European influences • "The Lord descended" (p. 125 of Urania) (Psalm 18) • “Christmas” – (p. 192 of Urania) (Luke 2)

  9. Other Groups • Anglican- Church of England (in America) • Ephrata Cloisters (p. 36-38)- German-speaking separatists (PA)- Ephrata Cloister Chorus - Dank't dem Herrn, ihr Gottes Knechte... • Moravians (p. 38-40)- Bethlehem, Nazareth (PA), Salem (NC)- collegium musicum- LG 1.5 “Ich will dir ein Freudenopfer thun.”- Johann Friedrich Peter - Quintet IV in C major (1789)- Gott ist mein Hort (Arr. N.R. Knouse for Male Choir) (Live) • Sephardic Jews (p. 37)- SEPHARDIC JEWISH SINGING (not necessarily U.S.)

  10. Chapter Two “The Favorite Passion of My Soul” : Secular Music in the Colonies and Early Republic

  11. Secular Music in Colonies • No royal patronage in colonies • Chiefly amateur music-making • Professional musicians in “large” cities: Boston, NYC, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Charleston • Most professionals = Immigrants (who & why?) • Most secular music “imported” from Europe

  12. Broadsides • Topical songs printed on [cheap] “broad sheets” • No [printed] music • Sung to well-known tunes • [Oral] Ballad tradition • British antecedents • See: Isaiah Thomas Broadside Ballads Project for examples

  13. “The Liberty Song”(p. 43-4) • Tune based on: Royal Navy - Heart of Oak • Dickinson Parody: The Liberty Song (LG 2.1) • Massachusetts Variant: The Massachusetts Song of Liberty • British response: Come Shake Your Dull Noodles(lyrics, textbook, p. 43)

  14. Dance Music • Problem of spiritual vs. physical (Puritans)- acceptable as means to self-discipline • Non-Puritans : Social and Courting Activity • Couples (European) vs. Longways Dances • Anglo-Irish origins and imports • Binary forms (and regular phrasing) • Ex (LG. 2.2, p. 47) : Jefferson and Liberty- vocal version : Jefferson and Liberty- original version (?) : The Gobby-O Fiddle Tune • Exs. (p. 46)- Jasper Bisbee - College Hornpipe- Irish Folk Song: Spanish Lady

  15. Colonial Dance Examples • Couples Dances (European)- Menuett- Basic Steps for the Gavotte- Gavotte - La Bourrée 1612 • Longways Dances (U.S.)- “La Bagatelle”- “Pluckemin”- Love in a Bottle (recreated from instructions printed w/ music)

  16. “Barroom Dancing” (c. 1820)John Lewis Krimmel (1786-1821)

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