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fMRI: Biological Basis and Experiment Design Intro

fMRI: Biological Basis and Experiment Design Intro. History Basic mechanism Neurohemodynamic coupling. NMR - MRI - fMRI timeline. 1922 Stern-Gerlach Electron spin. 1952 Nobel prize Felix Bloch, Edward Purcell NMR in solids. 1993 Seiji Ogawa, et al. BOLD effect. 1902 Pieter Zeeman

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fMRI: Biological Basis and Experiment Design Intro

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  1. fMRI: Biological Basis and Experiment DesignIntro • History • Basic mechanism • Neurohemodynamic coupling

  2. NMR - MRI - fMRI timeline 1922 Stern-Gerlach Electron spin 1952 Nobel prize Felix Bloch, Edward Purcell NMR in solids 1993 Seiji Ogawa, et al. BOLD effect 1902 Pieter Zeeman Radiation in a magnetic field 1937 Isidor Rabi Nuclear magnetic resonance 1973 Paul Lauterbur, Peter Mansfield NMR imaging 1936 Linus Pauling Deoxyhemoglobin electronic structure

  3. ... ... PNAS22(4):210-216

  4. Harrison, Harel et al., Cerebral Cortex 12:225 (2002)

  5. BOLD fMRI: Spatial localization

  6. Harrison, Harel et al., Cerebral Cortex 12:225 (2002)

  7. Basic BOLD “... blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast: a change in the signal strength of brain water protons produced by the paramagnetic effects of venous blood deoxyhemoglobin.” –Ogawa et al. 1993 Signal inversely proportional to deoxyhemoglobin concentration • CBF = cerebral blood flow • increased CBF increases signal strength • CBV = cerebral blood volume • increased venous blood volume decreases signal strength • CMRO2 = cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen • increased CMRO2 decreases signal strength

  8. And here we start speaking in vague generalities.

  9. Neural layers and vasculature Duvernoy, Delon & Vanson, Brain Res. Bull., 1981

  10. What is neural activity? Neural activity: - increased oxygen consumption (CMRO2) - increased need for glucose (CMRglc)

  11. 5m What does blood flow have to do with neural activity? Upstream arteries: - increase flow (CBF) brings oxygen and glucose Downstream veins: - increased blood volume (CBV) - decreased deoxyhemoblogin concentration Neural activity: - increased oxygen consumption (CMRO2) - increased need for glucose (CMRglc)

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