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From Ice Age to Agriculture: The Evolution of Human Society

Explore the transition from hunting and gathering to farming in human civilization. Discover the domestication of animals, climate change's impact, technological advancements, the shift in religious beliefs, increased war and disease, and the emergence of social hierarchy and leadership.

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From Ice Age to Agriculture: The Evolution of Human Society

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  1. 9/17 Video Notes Ice Age to Agriculture (Hunting to farming)

  2. 1. Domestication: The taming of wild animals for human benefit • Dogs: The first Domesticated Animals. It is believed that Wolves became “mankind’s best friend” about 10,000 years ago (maybe earlier).  Archaeologists have evidence of both human and dog bones being found buried together. Working together, dogs and humans became unstoppable hunters.

  3. 2. Climate Change • Warming Climate: The last Ice Age ended about 8,000 B.C. leading to longer growing seasons = more plants = more animals that eat the plants = more meat & wild plants for humans = larger populations. • Scientists believe that the Earth has undergone 5 major ICE AGES in its history. • As the human population grew it put more and more pressure on wild animals and plants. Humans needed more food – so they changed to farming and domesticated animals = The Neolithic Revolution.

  4. 3. Technology • The bone Needle – allowing for better clothing. • Farm tools and equipment • Metallurgy develops– The Copper Age ~5000 B.C.

  5. 4. The Big Change: Religion • One of the biggest differences between Hunter Gatherer groups and Farmers is in religious beliefs. • Religious beliefs of hunter/gatherers tended to focus on the animals that they hunted, like honoring animal spirits in the cave paintings. • KEY IDEA (the change): Religious beliefs of farming communities tend to focus more on Natural Forces such as the sun and rain, things which a farmer needs to help grow crops.

  6. 5.War and Disease Increased • With the addition of permanent settlements (permanent villages – farms) people had more to protect, they could store food and equipment. These valuables were often the source of conflict between neighboring groups of people. • Living close to one another with lots of animals opens the door to more germs and the spread of illness more easily.

  7. 6. Hierarchy & Leadership emerge • KEY VOCAB WORD - Hierarchy = Social Classes • Leadership: with so many people (100s-1000s), natural leaders begin to emerge to take charge. • Organize large building projects – irrigation canals. • Plan & train a military – protection & conquest.

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