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Chapter Eighteen:

Chapter Eighteen:. Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century. Climate Change. Figure 18.1: Global Temperature Trends, 1900-2100. Source: U.S. Global Change Research Program, www.globalchange.gov . Economic Growth and the Environment.

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Chapter Eighteen:

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  1. Chapter Eighteen: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

  2. Climate Change

  3. Figure 18.1: Global Temperature Trends, 1900-2100 Source: U.S. Global Change Research Program, www.globalchange.gov .

  4. Economic Growth and the Environment

  5. Figure 18.2: Environmental Kuznets Curve for Sulfur Dioxide Emissions Sulfur dioxide emissions per capita (kg) GNP per capita Source: T. Panayotou, “Empirical Tests and Policy Analysis of Environmental Degradation at Different Levels of Development,” International Labour Office Working Paper, 1993.

  6. Figure 18.3: Carbon Dioxide Emissions vs GDP per Capita, 2009 Brunei United Arab Emirates Bahrain United States Saudi Arabia Kazakhstan Norway China Switzerland Sweden India Gabon Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Database 2013.

  7. Figure 18.4: Environmentally Based Taxes as a Share of Total Tax Revenue, Select Industrialized Countries Percent of total tax revenue Source: OECD, OECD/EEA Instruments Database 2007

  8. Table 18.1: Global Population Classification by Income and Environmental Impacts, 2013 Source: World Bank, Little Green Data Book 2013; World Development Indicators 2013.

  9. Figure 18.5: A Consumption Possibilities Frontier Europe Leisure United States Income, Consumption

  10. Are Stabilization and Sustainability in Conflict?

  11. Figure 18.6: Growth Reaching a Steady-State Resource-using Economic Activities Steady State Time

  12. Figure 18.7: A No-Growth Scenario for the Canadian Economy 200 GDP/Capita 150 Index (2005=100) 100 GHG Unemployment 50 Poverty Debt to GDP 0 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Year Source: Adapted from Peter Victor, Managing Without Growth: Slower by Deisgn, not Disaster. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2008, p. 182.

  13. Appendix: Demographic Challenges

  14. Table 18.2: Stages of Demographic Transition

  15. Figure 18.8: Population by Age and Sex, United States, 1900, 2000, and 2040 (projected) (a) 1900 (b) 2000 Source: Wan Wan He, Manisha Sengupta, Victoria A. Velkoff, and Kimberly A. DeBarros, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P23–209, “65+ in the United States: 2005”, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2005. (c) 2040, projected

  16. Figure 18.9: Old-Age Dependency Ratios, 1950-2050 Italy United States China Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision, Population Database. Figure based on mediumvariant projections.

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