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Advances in Genetics: Producing Organisms with Desired Traits

Explore the methods of cloning, genetic engineering, and artificial selection used to develop organisms with desired traits. Discover the benefits and concerns of genetic engineering, including gene therapy and the impacts on individuals, society, and the environment.

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Advances in Genetics: Producing Organisms with Desired Traits

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  1. 13.3 – Advances in Genetics Essential Questions: • How can organisms be produced with desired traits? • What is the impact of biotechnology?

  2. How Can Organisms Be Produced With Desired Traits? • Cloning, genetic engineering, and artificial selection are three different methods in developing organisms with desired traits.

  3. Cloning • A clone is an organism that has exactly the same genes as the organism from which it was produced.

  4. Genetic Engineering • Genetic engineering is a process where genes from one organisms are transferred to the DNA of another organism.

  5. Benefits of Genetic Engineering • Used to produce medicines and improve food crops.

  6. Genetic Engineering in Bacteria • Start with bacteria DNA and a human gene that produces insulin. • The human gene is inserted into bacteria DNA. • This gene tells the bacteria to produce insulin. • When the bacteria divides, the daughter cells can also produce insulin.

  7. Genetic Engineering in Other Organisms • Genes can be implanted into crops to make them frost-resistant, heat-resistant, or bug-resistant.

  8. Gene Therapy • Gene therapy involves inserting copies of a gene directly into a person’s cells. • This could cure certain genetic disorders like hemophilia.

  9. Concerns About Genetic Engineering • There is thought that genetically engineered crops could be harmful to humans or the environment. • Studies are being done to evaluate the effects of GMOs

  10. Artificial Selection • The process of artificially selecting organisms with desired traits to be the parents of the next generation is called selective breeding. • Two techniques of selective breeding are hybridization and inbreeding.

  11. Hybridization • Hybridization is the crossing of genetically different individual with the hope of getting the best of both parent organisms in the offspring.

  12. Inbreeding • Inbreeding involves crossing two individuals that have similar desirable characteristics. • This increases the odds of recessive traits showing through. • This can lead to genetic disorders.

  13. Biotechnology • Biotechnology is the application of a technological process, invention or method to living organisms. • Impacts on Individuals • Impacts on Society • Impacts on the Environment

  14. Biotechnology Impacts on Individuals • Genetically modified animals can produce drugs or proteins that could be medically useful. • Individualized medical care based on a person’s genome.

  15. Biotechnology Impacts on Society • Genetically modifies organisms (GMOs) • Plants grow faster and larger. • Feed more people. • Health problems in humans? • More jobs for people in the biotech field.

  16. Biotechnology Impacts on the Environment • Modified plants could be harmful to insects. • Crops needs less space, which conserves land and water.

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