The Antebellum South

1. The Antebellum South

2. Early Emancipation in the North

3. Missouri Compromise, 1820

4. Antebellum Southern Society

5. Characteristics of the Antebellum South • Primarily agrarian. • Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South.” • “Cotton Is King!” * 1860 5 mil. bales a yr. (57% of total US exports). • Slow development of industrialization. • Rudimentary financial system. • Inadequate transportation system.

6. Southern Society (1850) “Slavocracy”[plantation owners] 6,000,000 The “Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers] Black Freemen 250,000 Black Slaves3,200,000 Total US Population  23,000,000[9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

7. Slave-Owning Population (1860)

8. Southern Population

9. Antebellum Southern Economy

11. Southern Agriculture

12. Slaves Picking Cottonon a Mississippi Plantation

13. Slaves and the Cotton Gin

14. Changes in Cotton Production 1820 1860

15. Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US Exports

16. The South's "Peculiar Institution"

17. Slave Auction Notice, 1823

18. Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-1856

19. Punishment Slave MasterBrands Slave muzzle

20. Anti-Slave Pamphlet

21. Slave Accoutrements Slave leg irons Slave tag, SC Slave shoes

22. Distribution of Slave Labor in 1850 • Types of Labor: • Cotton plantations • Rice, corn, sugarcane, tobacco • Clear land, haul wood, livestock • Mechanics, blacksmiths, drivers, carpentry • Women: domestic: cook, spinning, weaving, sewing

23. Antebellum Southern Plantation Life

24. A Real Georgia Plantation

25. Stereotypical Images(Hollywood Again) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZ7r2OVu1ss

26. Life of a Slave • Crude diet and nutrition; barely adequate • Cute living quarters; bad sanitation, vulnerable to disease and bad weather • Unrelenting hard labor (rice plantations were the worst) • Constant threat of sale (punishment) • Complicated relationships with owners • Sexual exploitation • No privacy; de facto slave codes heavily enforced, always reminded of status

27. US Laws Regarding Slavery • U. S. Constitution: * 3/5s compromise [I.2] * fugitive slave clause [IV.2] • 1793 Fugitive Slave Act. • 1850  stronger Fugitive Slave Act.

28. Global Anti-Slavery Timeline • 1780s: 1st antislavery society created in Philly • By 1804: slavery eliminated from last northern state • 1807: the legal termination of the slave trade, enforced by the Royal Navy • 1820s: newly independent Republics of Central & South America declared their slaves free • 1833: slavery abolished throughout the British Empire • 1844: slavery abolished in the French colonies. • 1861: the serfs of Russia were emancipated

29. Slavery Was Less Efficient in the U. S. than Elsewhere • High cost of keeping slaves fromescaping • GOAL raise the “exit cost.” • Slave patrols • Southern Black Codes • Cut off a toe or a foot

30. Slave Resistance & Uprisings

31. Slave Resistance • 1. Refusal to work hard • Isolated acts of sabotage • Escape via the Underground Railroad • -14 Northern States  Canada • -Free slaves, Quakers, abolitionists • -Picks up in 1830s • -Harriet Tubman: 13 trips, 300 slaves, $40,000 reward for capture

32. Runaway Slave Ads

33. Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages Monkey Wrench pattern (left) alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee Drunkard Path design (right) warned escapees not to follow a straight route.

34. Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South: Nat Turner, 1831

35. Eve of the Civil War: Slavery Up Close Using the Time Magazine article “Slavery Up Close” answer the questions on your paper. http://content.time.com/time/interactive/0,31813,2021103,00.html

36. Counties Forsyth County Charleston, SC Myrtle Beach, SC