Presentation Transcript

1. The Union wins the Civil War
2. Quiz Who was the famous person that died at the Battle of Chancellorsville? Which city did Grant win to break the Confederacy in half? What city did Sherman capture just before the Christmas of 1864? Who delivered the Gettysburg Address during a cemetery dedication in 1863? Where did Lee surrender to Grant to end the Civil War?
3. What you need to know Battle of Chancellorsville Battle of Gettysburg Battle of Vicksburg Gettysburg Address William T. Sherman Battle of Atlanta & March to the Sea Election of 1864 Appomattox
4. Battle of Chancellorsville May 1863 CSA defeated US army “Stonewall” Jackson shot accidentally by his own men Died of pneumonia 1 week later
5. After Chancellorsville Big win convinced Lee to invade the North Went into Pennsylvania Hoping to: Get supplies Make north lose faith in war Lure union troops from western theater (Vicksburg, MS)
6. Lee goes into Pennsylvania Gettysburg was selected by Lee as a strategic goal Was an important location Highway crossing Railroads Rivers nearby Shoes
7. Gettysburg – July 1-3, 1863 Day 1 – 7/1/63 Confederates took the city after fierce battles US troops pushed south of town The fight then focused on the high land south of town
8. Gettysburg – July 1-3, 1863 Day 2 – 7/2/63 USA troops had high ground south of town CSA tried to take high ground Battle went back & forth all day
9. Gettysburg – July 1-3, 1863 Day 3 – 7/3/63 US troops tight on high ground Lee believed he could wipe out the union army right there It would effectively end the war Ordered charge up fortified hills
10. Gettysburg – July 1-3, 1863 General Pickett led the charge CSA troops were massacred Pickett’s Charge was the turning point of the war South permanently went from attacking to retreating
11. Aftermath of Gettysburg Bloodiest battle of the war About 50,000 casualties in 3 days Widely considered to be the turning point of the war
12. Vicksburg – July 1863
13. Vicksburg – July 1863 Strategic point in the west 1 of only 2 places in CSA control on the Mississippi river Wealthy city on high ground overlooking the river
14. Vicksburg – July 1863 US Gen Ulysses S. Grant couldn’t take city by force, so besieged it CSA troops surrendered 7/4/63 The day after Gettysburg CSA split in half
15. The Gettysburg Address November 1863 Speech by Abraham Lincoln Given at dedication of cemetery in Gettysburg for US troops
16. The Gettysburg Address http://www.learntheaddress.org/
17. War of attrition CSA didn’t have resources to keep fighting for long Tried to hang on long enough to damage morale of north
18. Confederate morale Planters supposed to provide food to people but didn’t CSA had many deserters Many changed sides when defeat was inevitable Peace movements sprang up all over south
19. Grant & Sherman Grant was the commander of US Army in west After success at Vicksburg, Lincoln put him in charge of entire US Army
20. Grant & Sherman Grant named William T. Sherman to his old position Both believed in total war – fight to totally eradicate the enemy
21. Virginia Campaign – 1864 Grant vs. Lee Grant had more casualties but he had more men to spare Lincoln suffered politically because of heavy troop losses
22. Sherman’s march to the sea Burned Atlanta in September 1864 Marched SE to sea through GA Destroyed everything in his path Burned everything Took Savannah (didn’t burn it) right before Christmas 1864
23. Sherman’s march to the sea Then turned north & headed to meet up with Grant in VA Went through SC & burned it too
24. Election of 1864 Lincoln had major political opposition Appeared little chance of success High # of dead & high $ cost No reelection since Jackson (1832) Opposition within party – Radical Republicans
25. National Union Party New party – attempt to keep union together politically Many Democrats joined to support Lincoln
26. Radical Republicans Demanded postwar punishment of CSA Demanded amendments to guarantee postwar rights of African-Americans Selected John Frémont
27. George McClellan Democrat candidate Former general Lincoln had replaced him – he was too cautious Wanted to end war
28. Election of 1864 Lincoln won because of successes on the battlefield Mainly Battle of Atlanta in September Convinced Americans that war was winnable and nearing the end
29. Appomattox surrender Grant & Lee met in a farmhouse in Appomattox Court House, VA Lincoln insisted on generous terms of surrender All CSA soldiers paroled, allowed to keep their personal possessions
30. What you need to know Battle of Chancellorsville Battle of Gettysburg Battle of Vicksburg Gettysburg Address William T. Sherman Battle of Atlanta & March to the Sea Election of 1864 Appomattox
31. The Legacy of the Civil War
32. What you need to know Economic changes b/c of Civil War Changes to south after Civil War 13th amendment Lincoln’s 2nd inauguration speech Lincoln’s assassination
33. Political changes No threat of secession anymore National government supreme over states States’ rights issues still debated but smaller issues
34. Political changes National government much more involved in people’s private lives Taxes National currency War – conscription
35. Economic changes War = Gov’t becomes consumer Must buy many supplies Business leaders make lots of $ War = huge government debts Must borrow money and/or levy taxes to pay for spending
36. Economic changes US needed streamlined banking system for wartime finances National Bank Act (1863) improved financial system for investors System of federally chartered banks Requirements for banks loaning $ Bank inspections
37. Economic changes During war, US changed to economy of larger companies Easier for gov to deal with few large companies than many small ones US funded railroad improvements Needed to get supplies to troops Better railroad – better for business
38. Southern economy Devastated Land ruined Labor source gone Industry (that there was) destroyed Railroads destroyed
39. Costs of war Huge numbers killed Many were permanently disabled Almost 10% of population of the US fought in the war Spent four years of their lives
40. Costs of war $3.3 billion spent by US & CS More than 2x all US government spending 1787-1860 combined War debts monopolized US economy for decades
41. Slaves were freed Southern slaves were freed by US Army as it invaded Eman Proc didn’t immediately free slaves in US territory Those were freed within a few months after war ended
42. 13th Amendment Passed by Congress during war Ratified by required number of states by end of 1865 Abolished slavery & involuntary servitude except as criminal punishment
43. Changes to everyday life Many soldiers stayed in military Fought natives in west Many went to big cities or out west to find fortune R.E. Lee became college president Clara Barton founded Red Cross
44. Lincoln’s 2nd inauguration Pled for reconciliation with south “With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan—to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.”
45. Lincoln’s assassination April 14, 1865 Only 5 days after Lee’s surrender Attended play called Our American Cousin with wife Mary Actor John Wilkes Booth shot him in the head during the play
46. John Wilkes Booth American actor Strong southern sympathizer Sic semper tyrannis “Thus ever to tyrants”
47. John Wilkes Booth Escaped theater and ran for 12 days Shot in a barn he was hiding in Co-conspirators tried & executed
48. Aftermath of assassination Funeral train traveled from Washington DC to Springfield, IL Several million mourners went out to see it travel by Lincoln didn’t leave detailed postwar plans for reunification
49. What you need to know Economic changes b/c of Civil War Changes to south after Civil War 13th amendment Lincoln’s 2nd inauguration speech Lincoln’s assassination
50. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bjxbb-tjSAA