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What is fluency?

What is fluency?. “Fluency is the ability to read a text quickly, accurately, and with proper expression.” --National Reading Panel. Six Dimensions of Fluency ( P ut two or three words together in a sentence to explain how they are related to fluent reading) Phrasing Stress Intonation

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What is fluency?

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  1. What is fluency? “Fluency is the ability to read a text quickly, accurately, and with proper expression.” --National Reading Panel

  2. Six Dimensions of Fluency (Put two or three words together in a sentence to explain how they are related to fluent reading) Phrasing Stress Intonation Rate Pausing Integration

  3. Isn’t fluency just highly proficient word reading? No. Fluency is more closely correlated to comprehension than to word reading.

  4. Fluency at 4 Levels of Processing • Letter • See features • see letters not isolated but in connection with other letters within words • process without conscious attention • Word • See whole words quickly • Recognize familiar words easily • Use word parts in largely unconscious process • treat words as connected • Phrase/Sentence • Parse language into phrases that make sense • notice and use punctuation • notice sentence structure • stress words in ways to reflect meaning • Understand how one sentence flows into another • Text • Anticipate what comes next • Use previous information, syntax, vocabulary to provide momentum • Use structure, organization and background knowledge

  5. Isn’t fluency just reading comprehension? No. Fluency can be independent of reading comprehension.

  6. Who Needs Fluency Instruction? National Reading Panel based its fluency conclusions on studies conducted in: Grades 1 through 9.

  7. Do We Need to Teach Fluency? National Reading Panel Report (2000)

  8. How Do You Teach Fluency? Guided oral reading practice with repetition.

  9. How Do You Teach Fluency? Guided • Students benefit from modeling • Students benefit from guidance or feedback • From peers, tutors, parents, teachers • Appropriate feedback

  10. How Do You Teach Fluency? Repetition • Rereading up to criteria • Reading a text 3 or more times

  11. How Do You Teach Fluency? Not round robin. • Too little practice • Little repetition • Diverts attention from essentials

  12. How Do You Teach Fluency? Paired Reading • Types of partners • Partner training • Coaching the coaches • Keeping track

  13. How Do You Teach Fluency? Reader’s Theatre • Revise text into scripts • Practice before presentation • Lack of research and some concerns

  14. How fluent do you need to be? Speed* Grade 1: 60 wcpm Grade 4: 125 wcpm Grade 2: 90 wcpm Grade 5: 140 wcpm Grade 3: 110 wcpm Grade 6: 150 wcpm *end of year norms, 50%ile

  15. Chunking or Parsing • Students practice reading divided text • Students work together to parse text • Students read as if text is parsed

  16. A fluency curriculum? • Systematic repetition of high-frequency words

  17. Example of Repetition of High-Frequency Words Once I was a baby. What did I do? I looked up at my mom’s face. I looked up at my toy. Once I was one. What did I do? I looked at some flowers. Once I was two. What did I do? I played with some toys. Once I was four. What did I do? …

  18. A fluency curriculum? • Systematic repetition of key phonics patterns

  19. Examples of Repetition of Phonics Patterns The Ugly Duck duck ducklings up ugly us Otto’s Lunch packed worked liked asked opened turned looked

  20. A fluency curriculum? • Systematic focus on punctuation

  21. Examples of focus on punctuation • Every year, people from all over the world visit some amazing buildings in Egypt. What are these buildings? They are the pyramids of Giza. • Bell said, “Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you.” Watson rushed into the room. He had heard Bell’s voice over the wire!

  22. A fluency curriculum? • Systematic focus on text format

  23. Examples of focus on text format Dear Miss Pumpkin, MORE housework? Tomorrow I’ll wash all the clothes myself. But please be ready to GET ME OUT OF HERE! Percy

  24. A fluency curriculum? • Systematic focus on expression of meaning

  25. Example of Expression of Meaning “Did you see that?” Jessie shrieked. I started to wish we hadn’t come. Then we heard a noise from the house. “Get down!” I hissed. “We’d better go!” said Jesse. He was almost crying.

  26. A fluency curriculum? • Systematic focus on building speed

  27. Example of Building Speed “Hey Doc, where is the example?”

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