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9.1 War in Ancient Greece

9.1 War in Ancient Greece. The Persian Wars. Although the Greeks Frequently fought each other they united 2x to battle the Persians T he Persians conquered the Greek city of Ionia The Ionians w/ Athenian help burned the Persian city of Sardis Angered the Persian king Darius

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9.1 War in Ancient Greece

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  1. 9.1 War in Ancient Greece

  2. The Persian Wars • Although the Greeks Frequently fought each other they united 2x to battle the Persians • The Persians conquered the Greek city of Ionia • The Ionians w/ Athenian help burned the Persian city of Sardis • Angered the Persian king Darius • Sent troops to conquer Greece

  3. The Persian Wars • Darius Invades Greece • 490 BC 20,000 troops sent to invade Greece • Landed on the plain of Marathon • Good place for the Persian archers and cavalry (soldiers on horseback) • The Greeks sent infantry (foot soldiers) but were outnumbered 2-1 • No archers • No cavalry

  4. The Persian Wars • Athenians attacked at dawn the next day, surprising the Persians • This battle ends the 1st Persian War • Begins the legend of the Marathon • Pheidippidies, runs all the way back to Athens, 26.2 miles away to tell of the victory

  5. The Persian Wars • Xerxes Attacks • Darius died before he could attack again • His son Xerxes begins the 2nd Persian War • 480 BC he sends a force of 100,000 men • His army included the armies of other peoples that the Persians had conquered including Egypt • Leonidas leads the Spartans to block the way in from the north • This the story of 300 • Held off the Persians for days • A traitor showed the Persians a path through the mountains • They attack from both sides destroying the Spartans

  6. The Persian Wars • Victory for Athens • The Athenians fled to islands • The Persians destroyed Athens • Xerxes sent his ships to chase the Athenian navy • At the Battle of Salamis the Athenians set a trap and destroyed the Persian navy with much of the army on board • One more loss on land a Xerxes took his army home

  7. Athens Rivals Sparta • The end of the Persian Wars was the beginning of Athens’ Golden Age • Rebuilt the city • Used its navy for trade • Its power and wealth increased • Athens had the strongest navy in Greece • Sparta the strongest army • Both wanted to be the supreme power

  8. Athens Rivals Sparta • The Delian League • Athens formed an alliance with other Greek city-states • Met together on the island of Delos (Delian) • Promised to protect one another from Persia • All 150 members were supposed to be equal • Athens was the most powerful

  9. Athens Rivals Sparta • The Delian League • Athens did not treat the other members as equals but as there own empire • Forced some to join and did not let others leave • Used the treasury to rebuild their navy • Moved the treasury from Delos to Athens • Used some of the money to fund projects like the Parthenon • Other cities of the League resented this

  10. Athens Rivals Sparta • The Peloponnesian League • Sparta’s alliance on the Peloponnesian Peninsula • Most of their allies were oligarchic cities • In 433 BC The Delian League banned trade with the Peloponnesian city of Megara • This angered Sparta who prepared for war • Both sides were confident of a quick victory

  11. The Peloponnesian War • The war would last for 27 years • The Siege of Athens • Sparta march on the city of Athens • Pericles of Athens ordered all the people who lived outside the city to move inside • The siege is designed to cut off food and other supplies to the city • Athens was prepared • 2 walls along a 4 mile long road to its port city • As long these Long Walls were standing Athens was safe

  12. The Peloponnesian War • Athens was successful until it was hit with the plague (Pericles was among the dead) • Sparta abandoned Athens so they wouldn’t catch the plague • The war continued • In 421 BC they had a truce to discuss peace terms

  13. The Peloponnesian War • Athens Surrenders • Athens breaks the truce and attacks Syracuse • Sparta helps Syracuse • defeats Athens who loses much of its navy • The Persians give Sparta a large amount of money to help defeat Athens • Sparta defeats the Athenian navy a • Then attacks Athens itself

  14. The Peloponnesian War • Terms of the surrender were harsh • Destroyed the long wall • No more democratic government • It would return soon • All of Greece was hurt by this war • Death • destruction • Resources • Unprepared for the Macedonians

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