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Second New Deal

Second New Deal. Second New Deal spurred by Eleanor Underway during election of 1936 Landslide victory and saw first election in which African-Americans vote mostly for Democrats At times known as the Second 100 days.

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Second New Deal

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  1. Second New Deal

  2. Second New Deal spurred by Eleanor • Underway during election of 1936 • Landslide victory and saw first election in which African-Americans vote mostly for Democrats • At times known as the Second 100 days

  3. Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act- rewards farmers for practicing soil conservation. Needed because the first AAA was shot down by Supreme Court • Farm Security Administration (FSA)- tenant farmers given money to purchase land and aid migrant farmers

  4. Works Progress Administration (WPA)- professionals and youth aided by creation of jobs in areas like construction of roads, airports, and public buildings. Also, aided women and formed sewing groups. “Even when a man raked leaves, he got paid, he had some dignity • National Youth Admin. (NYA)- education, jobs, and counseling to youth. Student aid and part-time positions are examples

  5. Wagner Act- replaced the old NIRA. Aided workers to have the rights to join unions and fought to stop unfair labor practices • Fair Labor Standards Act- max work hours per week and minimum wages implemented. Also, dangerous jobs not available to those under 18

  6. Social Security Act- support for three groups of people-retirees over 65, unemployed, and families of disabled children • What are the problems we see with Social Security today?

  7. Rural Electrification Adm. (REA)- bringing electricity to rural, isolated areas in four years it rose from 48 to 90% coverage • Public Utility Holding Company Act-companies could not own utilities. • Who did this help/hurt?

  8. Impacts of the New Deal • New Deal obviously effected business and the economy, but what about other groups? • Women, African Americans, Mexican Americans, and Native Americans all saw some sort of impact due to this legislation.

  9. Women • Positives- • Frances Perkins-1st female cabinet member in US history. • Played key role in SS Act creation • Overall increase of 4% in women working

  10. Women continued • Negatives • 1936 Gallup poll-82% of people polled said that if the husband is working, the wife should not be • NRA had a lower minimum wage for women • Groups like CCC only for men or restricted for women

  11. African-Americans • Roosevelt appoints more than 100 Afr. Ams to key positions • Mary McLeod Bethune heads Division of Negro Affairs of the National Youth Admin. Fighting for equality in that organization • Also helps to form the ‘Black Cabinet’ to advise administration

  12. Continued • Eleanor plays role again • Leaves Daughters of American Revolution after they drop Marian Anderson from show • Then allows her to perform on Easter Sunday at the Linc Memorial • Became inspiring moment for African Americans

  13. FDR does not commit to civil rights • Fear of losing democrats in the south • Refused to approve anti-lynching laws or to end poll taxes • Lower wages to Afr. Am. in NIRA, CCC, TVA • However, still supported his administration as their “greatest hope for the future”

  14. Mexican Americans • 1920’s saw increase in population • Mostly in the Southwest • Mostly farming and migrant work • Wages fell to 9 cents and hour due to lack of fed protection • CCC and WPA aided some, but hurt others by not accepting migrant workers with no permanent address

  15. Native Americans • Different direction taken by the NAs • Looked for independent way of life instead of acceptance into culture • Received strong support through the New Deal • Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 • Away from assimilation and granted autonomy in the following three areas: • Economic • Cultural • Political

  16. Economic • Lands would belong to the tribes • Prohibited govt from taking back unclaimed reservation lands • Cultural • Boarding schools reduced and schools on reservations an option • Political • Ability to elect tribal councils granted

  17. Labor • New Deal Coalition • Diverse groups that back the party and FDR • One group that entered the New Deal Coalition was unionized industrial workers • Their support was gained through Wagner Act success and better working conditions

  18. Struggle for dominance in unions begins • American Federation of Labor (AFL) • Restricted to craft labor-carpentry, electrician • Opposed industry wide unions • Congress of Industrial Organiziations (CIO) • Splits from AFL to support industries like automobile workers • Labor disputes end in violence • Republic Steel in Chicago 1937-10 dead 84 wounded-Memorial Day Massacre

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