EOC PRACTICE QUESTIONS #5

1. EOC PRACTICE QUESTIONS #5

2. Bio.2.1.1 Analyze the flow of energy and cycling of matter (water, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen) through ecosystems relating the significance of each to maintaining the health and sustainability of an ecosystem. Bio.2.1.3 Explain various ways organisms interact with each other (including predation, competition, parasitism, mutualism) and with their environments resulting in stability within ecosystems.

3. Organisms that can mate an produce fertile offspring • species

4. Group of the same organisms in an area • population

5. All interacting populations in an area • community

6. All biotic and abiotic factors in an area • ecosystem

7. Place in order from smallest to largest: ecosystem, species, community, population • Species • Population • Community • Ecosystem

8. Permanent relationship between 2 organisms • symbiotic relationship

9. One organism is helped and the other is hurt • parasitism • Examples: • Tapeworms • Ticks • Fleas • Viruses

10. One organism is helped and one is unaffected • commensalism • Examples • orchids on trees • barnacles on a whale • Cyanobacteria on a polar bear

11. Both are helped • Mutualism • Examples • Lichens – algae and fungi • sea anemone and clownfish • Cleaner shrimp and sharks

12. Bio.2.1.4 Explain why ecosystems can be relatively stable over hundreds or thousands of years, even though populations may fluctuate (emphasizing availability of food, availability of shelter, number of predators and disease).

13. Which does the ecosystem have to have more of at first? _____ What happens to the prey population as predators increase? ______ Prey Prey would decrease

14. Non-living factors in environment • abiotic factors • Examples • Temperature • acidity of soil • Soil • Water • Oxygen • nutrients

15. Living factors in the environment • biotic factors • Examples • Animals • Plants • Bacteria • Fungi • Protists

16. The total number of species a population can support is the _____. It is reached because of ______. • carrying capacity • limiting factors

17. Resources, Disease, Predator/Prey are _______ limiting factors. • density-dependent

18. Extreme temperature changes, natural disasters, destruction of a habitat are ___limiting factor • density-independent

19. Increased birthrate and decreased death rate cause a population to ______. • increase

20. Which age bracket has the largest percentage of people? • 40-50 (baby boomers) This is a fairly stable population

21. Which sex in living longest? females

22. Predictable changes in a community overtime is called ______. It will continue until a ____is reached. • Succession • Climax community

23. Succession on rock like after a volcanic eruption of after a glacier recedes is called _________. • primary succession

24. The first organisms to grow are called the______. An example on rock is a ______. • pioneer species • lichen

25. Succession on soil is called ______. First organisms to grow are ___. • secondary succession • grasses and weeds

26. The three parts of a stable ecosystem are ____________. • Producers • Consumers • Decomposers

27. Organisms with the most energy in a food web are the ____. They have the greatest impact on the ecosystem because without them there would not be food and energy for the others. • Producers (autotrophs)

28. Producers primarily make their own food by the process of • photosynthesis

29. Producers take in the atmospheric gas _____ and produce _____ an organic compound and _____ which is released into the atmosphere. • carbon dioxide • Glucose • oxygen

30. All organisms take in the atmospheric gas ____and use it to break down ______ in the process called _________which releases ______. • Oxygen • Glucose • cellular respiration • carbon dioxide

31. Decomposers like ____ and ______ breakdown organic matter and put the nutrients back into the soil. • Bacteria • Fungi

32. Oxygen is necessary for ____, _____, and _______. • Respiration • Combustion • Decomposition

33. Carbon dioxide is necessary for ___________. • photosynthesis

34. The most abundant gas in the air you breathe is _____ but your body cannot process it to make ____ and _______. • Nitrogen • Proteins • nucleic acids

35. _____ in the soil convert nitrogen gas into the usable form of ammonia, nitrates, and nitrites so plants can use it. We get the correct form of nitrogen we need from the plants or animals that have eaten plants. • Bacteria

36. Water gets into the atmosphere by ____, _____, and ______. • Evaporation • Transpiration • Respiration

37. Who are the herbivores? Worm Snail rabbit

38. Who are the carnivores? Lizard eagle

39. Who are the producers? grass

40. Who are the primary consumers? Worm Snail Rabbit bird (when eating grass)

41. Who are the secondary consumers? bird (when eating the worm) Lizard eagle (when eating rabbit)

42. Who are the tertiary consumers? eagle

43. What happens if the bird population is reduced? Eagles eat more lizards and rabbits making them decrease Snail population increases

44. What trophic level does the lizard belong to? Third (count auto and heterotrophs)

45. Which organism has the most energy? grasses

46. Which organism has the least energy? eagles

47. Which organism would have the most biomass? grasses

48. If a toxin were introduced to the food web, which organism would it show up most in? eagle

49. Who are the autotrophs? grasses

50. Which component was left out of the food web? decomposers (if it was there, all arrows would point toward it)