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The Road to Independence: Enlightenment Ideas and the American Revolution

This chapter explores how the ideas of the Enlightenment and dissatisfaction with colonial rule led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence and the launch of the American Revolution. It covers key events such as the Boston Tea Party, battles of Lexington and Concord, and the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

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The Road to Independence: Enlightenment Ideas and the American Revolution

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  1. Chapter 5 – The Road to Independence 8.H.5. The ideas of the Enlightenment and dissatisfaction with colonial rule led English colonists to write the Declaration of Independence and launch the American Revolution

  2. 8.H.5. The ideas of the Enlightenment and dissatisfaction with colonial rule led English colonists to write the Declaration of Independence and launch the American Revolution • Boycott – to refuse to buy items from a particular country • Loyalists – American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence • Minutemen – companies of civilian soldiers who boasted that they were ready to fight on a minute’s notice • Patriots – American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won • Petition – a formal request • Peamble – an introduction to a formal document, especially the Constitution • Propaganda – ideas or information designed and spread to influence opinion • Repeal – to cancel an act or law • Resolution – a formal expression of opinion • Writs of Assistance – legal document that enabled officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled

  3. July 1775 – Congress Sends Olive Branch Petition June 17, 1775 – Battle of Bunker Hill 1773 – Boston Tea Party Proclamation of 1763 May 10, 1775 – Second Continental Congress Meets 1765 – Parliament enacts Stamp Act 1770 – Boston Massacre April 19, 1775 – Battles of Lexington and Concord 1765 1770 1760 1780 1775 July 4, 1776 – Declaration of Independence 1774 – Coercive (Intolerable) Acts 1764 - Parliament passes Sugar Act 1767 – Townshend Act taxes colonial imports 1774 – First Continental Congress Meets

  4. In light of yesterdays lockdown, Buckeye Valley Middle School is implementing more stringent search policies of student possessions. Drug use is something that will not be tolerated at BV and as a result, a thorough search of student book bags will be conducted at the beginning of each class. From now on, you will be required to bring your book bag to class so the classroom teacher may conduct searches.

  5. Protesting the stamp actsneakers are now under a tax. If you are wearing sneakers please see the tax collector to pay for your stamp. • Stamp Act – Tax on every piece of paper from legal documents to newspapers to playing cards. • Virginia assembly passes a resolution (14) declaring only they had the right to tax the Virginia citizens. • Boston – Samuel Adams helps start the Sons of Liberty • Throughout the summer of 1765, protestors harassed British tax collectors with the goal of pressuring them into resignation • Effigies • Ransacked and houses belonging to royal officials • Tar and feathering • Liberty Tree

  6. Protesting stamp act (cont.)iphones are now under a tax. If you own an iphone please see your tax collector to purchase a stamp for your phone • In colonial cities, people refused to use the stamps • Merchants boycotted (21) British and European goods • British merchants lost so much business they begged Parliament to repeal (4) the Stamp Act

  7. Britain repeals stamp actTshirts are now a taxable item. If you are wearing a tshirt, go see the tax collector to pay your tax. • February 1766, Britain repealed (17) the Stamp Act • Damage was done – colonists no longer trust British government • Parliament does not give up easily – Pass the Declaratory Act of 1766 which stated Parliament had the right to tax and make decision for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever”

  8. Daughters of Libertyjulian is the spy • Throughout the colonies, women organized groups to support the boycott (9)of British goods. Called themselves Daughters of Liberty • Urged colonists to wear homemade fabrics and produce goods that were only available from Britain • Goal: Make colonies economically independent

  9. Boston massacre • As a result of the colonists behavior in Boston, Britain sends two regiments (700 men) of British troops to maintain order • Arrive on October 1, 1768 • When was the Stamp Act repealed? (10) • Fights between soldiers and colonists raise tensions in Boston • March 5, 1770 – An altercation between colonists and British soldiers at a customs house turns deadly • British soldiers fire into the crowd killing five people

  10. The time machine (mad lib) • There once was a gullible, nasty boy named Brandon that loved to watch television. He did not love television for shows or movies, he loved it for the advertisements. Every time he saw an ad for macaroni pasta he would run around petland, shove nuclear misslesin his neck, and beg his mom and dad if they would buy him the once in a lifetime product. His parents knew they were wasting their money, but Bob was their only son and they wanted him to be happy. One night, Bob was up late squatting with his pet snake and watching tv when he saw an advertisement for a time machine. Bob begged and pleaded his parents saying, “Pineapple!” But even his parents thought they might be going too far this time. Bob was not used to his parents saying no and did not respond well. “But- it has fatturtles and a built in walmartto protect me from bunnies or other lifeless things I might run into!” When Bob’s parents refused he struggled to the store and bought the time machine anyway. When he got home, he sleeping open the spicy box only to find 68 sticky dinosaurs and a bag of steak. Needless to say, Bob was disappointed.

  11. propaganda • Colonists used Boston Massacre’s killings as propaganda (22) • An engraving by Paul Revere spread throughout the colonies through mail system (Carrying messages on horseback) • Created a strong anti-British feeling • Led to stronger boycotts (2) on British goods

  12. Boston tea party • As a result of Boston Massacre and stronger boycotts, Britain repealed (11) all taxes except for tax on tea • 1773 Tea Act – Gave East India Company right to ship tea directly to colonies instead of colonial merchants, making their tea cheaper than anyone else • Goal was to take business away from colonial merchants and get colonists to pay tax • In all ports except Boston, colonists able to convince ship captains to return to Britain • December 1773 – Three ships delivered British tea to Boston. The royal governor would not allow the ships to go back without being unloaded but the colonists refused to unload the tea • December 16th, Sons of Liberty dressed as Mohawk Indians and boarded this ships at night, dumping 342 crates of the tea into the harbor

  13. Coercive acts (Intolerable acts) • As a result of the Boston Tea Party, Britain punished colonies by passing Coercive Acts in 1774 • Closed Boston Harbor until they paid for the tea • Prevented the arrival of food and other supplies • Took away colonial rights • Prohibited town meetings • Forced Bostonians to shelter British soldiers in their homes

  14. First continental congressI am watching you all. You cannot escape - spy • September 1774, fifty-six delegates from all colonies except Georgia met in Philadelphia • They drafted a statement calling for repeal of laws placed on colonies by Britain • Voted to boycott (3) all British goods and trade • Resolution (7) passed to form militias (25)

  15. Midnight ride • April 1775, British General Thomas Gage commanded 3,000 soldiers in and around Boston • Received orders to take away the Massachusetts militias’ stockpile of weapons in Concord, Massachusetts • On the night of April 18, 1775, Dr. Joseph Warren was monitoring British troop activity in Boston and saw regiment of 700 men form ranks and march out of the city • He alerted Paul Revere and William Dawes, leaders of the Sons of Liberty • They traveled the countryside on horseback alerting militia that the British were coming

  16. Lexington and concord • 70 Minutemen (13)led by Captain John Parker meet British troops at Lexington. • Unidentified shot is fired and both sides fire on one another • American Revolution has begun • Eight minutemen (18) killed • British continue to Concord and find most of colonial weapons have been removed • On their way back to Boston, reinforcements of militia tail British troops and cause heavy casualties (73 dead / more than 200 wounded)

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  18. Bunker Hill • June 16, 1775, 1,200 militia under Colonel William Prescott fortified Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill across from Boston Harbor • British troops charged up the hill three times and were turned back each time • Eventually, militia ran out of gunpowder and had to retreat • More than 1,000 British were killed or wounded • Wake up call to British that defeating the colonists would not be as easy as they expected.

  19. Second continental congress • Assembled in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775. • All 13 colonies sent delegates • Including Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, George Washington, Ben Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson • Decisions: • Authorized printing of money and post office • Established ambassadors to communicate with Native Americans and other countries • Created the Continental Army (Unanimous vote for Washington to lead)

  20. Olive Branch Petition • Continental Congress sent out petition (15) to Britain saying they desired peace • Wanted the king to assure them of their rights, which they felt the British government (Parliament) was trying to take away without the king’s full knowledge • King George III refused the petition, and hired 30,000 German troops to help prepare for war.

  21. Thomas Paine / Common Sense • January 1776, Thomas Paine published a pamphlet called Common Sense • Sold 120,000 copies within three months • Called for independence from Britain • Inspired thousands of Americans

  22. Independence • Committee of five men chosen to create declaration • Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston • Jefferson wrote first draft in seventeen days • Continental Congress approved final version on July 4, 1776

  23. Go to Buckeye Valley homepage • Click classrooms (on the sidebar on the left) • Scroll down to Mr. Skalko’s page. Click it. • Under “My Classrooms” click Social Studies • In the “Weekly Resources” section, click Choose Your Own Adventure • Go through the PP and fill out the corresponding worksheet

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