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The Nervous System

The Nervous System. Medical Terminology. Important Combining Forms. Brain -------- encephal/o Spinal cord -------- myel/o Nerve ------------ neur/o ; neur/i. The Nervous System. 3 divisions of nervous system CNS, PNS, ANS Central Nervous System ( CNS)

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The Nervous System

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  1. The Nervous System Medical Terminology

  2. Important Combining Forms • Brain -------- encephal/o • Spinal cord -------- myel/o • Nerve ------------ neur/o ; neur/i

  3. The Nervous System 3 divisions of nervous system CNS, PNS, ANS • Central Nervous System ( CNS) - brain & spinal cord • Peripheral Nervous System ( PNS) - cranial nerves(12 pairs) - spinal nerves (31 pairs) • Autonomic Nervous System ( ANS) -sympathetic (adrenergic) -parasympathetic (cholinergic)

  4. Neurons • Transmit nerve impulses • 3 parts • Cell body • Dendrites • Axons (only one) • Myelin • Make nerves “white” • grey nerves = no myelin • “nerve” = bundled axons • Called “tract” in CNS • Types of neurons “ACE”& “SAM” • Afferent = to = sensory • Efferent = away = motor • Connecting = associative

  5. Impulse goes from neuronal axon to another neuron or a receptor • This junction called ---- synapse • neurotransmitters

  6. Brain (in ascending order) • Brain stem • Medulla oblongata • Pons • Midbrain • Cerebellum • Diencephalon • Hypothalamus • Thalamus • Cerebrum • Frontal lobe • Temporal lobe • Parietal lobe • Occipital lobe • Corpus callosum

  7. Brain & Spinal Cord • Meninges • Dura • Arachnoid • Pia • Cerebral Spinal Fluid • Around CNS (subarachnoid space) • Within CNS (ventricles) • See next slide • Arachnoid villi

  8. Ventricles • Lateral (2) • Third ventricle • Fourth ventricle • Goes directly down spinal cord -or- • Goes to outside of brain/cord • Choroid plexus • Produces the CSF

  9. Spinal cord • Myel/o = spine & bone marrow • Cervical • Thoracic • Lumbar • Sacral • Central canal

  10. Cephalgia Meningitis Encephalitis (encephal/o = brain) Hydrocephalus Meningocele (-cele = hernia) Alzheimer’s (senile dementia) Presenile dementia Amnesia Epidural hematoma Subdural hematoma Syncope Lethargy (drowsiness) Stupor (numbness) Coma (deep sleep) Autism ADD & AD/HD Dyslexia Bipolar disorder Acrophobia Agoraphobia Claustrophobia Hypochondriasis Malingering Kleptomania Neurosis Psychosis Generalized seizure Tonic-clonic Grand mal epilepsy Petit mal epilepsy Aura Pathology of the Nervous System

  11. CAT scan MRI EEG Encephalography Myelogram Tranquilizer Sedative Hypnotic craniotomy Lobotomy Lobectomy ECT = eltroconvulsive therapy Anesthesia Topical Local Regional Epidural Spinal General Nervous System Diagnostics & Treatments

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